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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on April 22, 2009

Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp045
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Dlx1&2 and Mash1 Transcription Factors Control MGE and CGE Patterning and Differentiation through Parallel and Overlapping Pathways

Jason E. Long1,2, Inma Cobos1,3, Greg B. Potter1 and John L. R. Rubenstein1

1 Department of Psychiatry and the Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2324, USA

Address correspondence to John L. R. Rubenstein, Center for Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Rock Hall, Room RH 284C, UCSF MC 2611, 1550 4th Street, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2324, USA. Email: john.rubenstein{at}ucsf.edu.

Here we define the expression of ~100 transcription factors (TFs) in progenitors and neurons of the developing mouse medial and caudal ganglionic eminences, anlage of the basal ganglia and pallial interneurons. We have begun to elucidate the transcriptional hierarchy of these genes with respect to the Dlx homeodomain genes, which are essential for differentiation of most {gamma}-aminobutyric acidergic projection neurons of the basal ganglia. This analysis identified Dlx-dependent and Dlx-independent pathways. The Dlx-independent pathway depends in part on the function of the Mash1 basic helix-loop-helix (b-HLH) TF. These analyses define core transcriptional components that differentially specify the identity and differentiation of the globus pallidus, basal telencephalon, and pallial interneurons.

Key Words: CGE • DlxMash • MGE • transcription factor


2 Current address: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA

3 Current address: Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain


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