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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on August 22, 2007
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm142
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Tracking the Temporal Dynamics of Updating Cognitive Control: An Examination of Error Processing

Robert West1 and Stephanie Travers2

1 Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA, 2 Department of Psychology, Luther College, Decorah, IA, 52101, USA

Address correspondence to Robert West, Department of Psychology, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Email: rwest{at}iastate.edu.

In 2 experiments, we used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine the temporal dynamics of neural processes related to adjustments of cognitive control following errors in the counting Stroop task. The ERPs elicited by errors revealed the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity consistent with a large body of literature. In addition, errors were associated with a frontal slow wave between 200 and 2000 ms after the response that was consistent with the activity of neural generators in the lateral frontal cortex. The ERN and frontal slow wave were correlated with posterror slowing of response time and positive affect (i.e., happiness and calmness) during task performance. These data are consistent with the idea that interactions between anterior cingulate cortex and lateral frontal cortex support adjustments of cognitive control and that this neural network is sensitive to the influence of affect experienced during task performance.

Key Words: anterior cingulate • cognitive control • error processing • event-related brain potentials • prefrontal cortex


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