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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on July 10, 2006
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl030
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Article

Hippocampal and Neocortical Gamma Oscillations Predict Memory Formation in Humans

Per B. Sederberg 1, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage 2, Joseph R. Madsen 3, Edward B. Bromfield 4, David C. McCarthy 4, Armin Brandt 2, Michele S. Tully 1, and Michael J. Kahana 1 *

1 Department of Neuroscience (PBS) and Department of Psychology (MST and MJK) University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
2 Department of Epileptology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
3 Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA
4 Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Michael J. Kahana, E-mail: kahana{at}psych.upenn.edu


  Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain has shown that the hippocampus and the left temporal and frontal cortices play a key role in the formation of new verbal memories. We recorded electrical activity from 2349 surgically implanted intracranial electrodes in epilepsy patients while they studied and later recalled lists of common words. Using these recordings, we demonstrate that gamma oscillations (44-64 Hz) in the hippocampus and the left temporal and frontal cortices predict successful encoding of new verbal memories. This increase in gamma oscillations was not seen in other frequency bands, whose activity generally decreased during successful memory formation. These findings identify a role for gamma oscillations in verbal memory formation with the hippocampus and the left temporal and frontal cortices, the same regions implicated using noninvasive fMRI recording methods.

Keywords: epilepsy; fMRI; free recall; gamma; iEEG; subsequent memory effect.
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