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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on May 12, 2006
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhk031
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© 2006 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article

Effects of Focal Frontal Lesions on Response Inhibition

Terence W. Picton 1 *, Donald T. Stuss 1, Michael P. Alexander 2, Tim Shallice 3, Malcolm A. Binns 4, and Susan Gillingham 4

1 Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
2 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
3 Cognitive Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
4 Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Terence W. Picton, E-mail: tpicton{at}rotman-baycrest.on.ca


  Abstract

This study examined the performance of 38 normal subjects and 43 patients with focal lesions of the frontal lobes on a simple go-nogo task where the probability of the nogo stimulus was either 75% or 25%. Patients with lesions to the superior medial parts of the frontal lobes, in particular to the left superior portion of Brodmann area 6 (which includes the supplementary motor areas and the premotor areas for the right hand) had an increased number of false alarms (incorrect responses to the nogo stimulus). These results indicate that area 6 is specifically involved in the inhibition of response. Patients with lesions to the right anterior cingulate (areas 24 and 32) were slower and more variable in their reaction time. These findings could be explained by an inability to sustain stimulus-response contingencies. Lesions to the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 44, 45, 47) also increased the variability of response, perhaps by disrupting monitoring performance.

Keywords: anterior cingulate; lesion localization; nogo paradigm; premotor cortex; supplementary motor areas.
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