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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on September 8, 2005
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj034
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Article

Activity-dependent Expression of occ1 in Excitatory Neurons Is a Characteristic Feature of the Primate Visual Cortex

Toru Takahata 1, Yusuke Komatsu 2, Akiya Watakabe 1, Tsutomu Hashikawa 3, Shiro Tochitani 4, and Tetsuo Yamamori 1*

1 Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
2 Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
3 Laboratory for Neural Architecture, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
4 Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Present address: Genome Exploration Research Group, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Tetsuo Yamamori, E-mail: yamamori{at}nibb.ac.jp


  Abstract

occ1 is a gene whose expression is particularly abundant in neurons in the macaque primary visual cortex (V1). In the present study, we report that the expression of occ1 mRNA in the macaque neocortex can be classified into two modes. The first mode is associated with excitatory neurons distributed in the major thalamocortical recipient layers that exhibit strong cytochrome oxidase activity. This is highly prominent in V1. The second mode is associated with parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and is distributed across the macaque neocortex. In V1, monocular deprivation showed that occ1 mRNA expression in excitatory neurons was markedly dependent on afferent activity, whereas that in GABAergic interneurons was not. Cross-species comparison showed specific differences in expression. In marmosets, a strong expression was observed in V1 similarly to macaques. The occ1 mRNA expression, however, was generally weak in the mouse neocortex. In rabbit and ferret cortices, the strong expression was observed only in GABAergic interneurons. We conclude that activity-dependent occ1 mRNA expression in the excitatory neurons of V1 was caused by a novel mechanism acquired by primates after their separation from other lineages.

Keywords: brain evolution; in situ hybridization; Macaca fuscata; TSC-36; V1-specific.
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