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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on July 27, 2005
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj006
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Published by Oxford University Press 2005.

Article

Temporal Dissociation of Early Lexical Access and Articulation Using a Delayed Naming Task -- An fMRI Study

Stefan Kemeny 1*, Jiang Xu 1, Grace H. Park 1, Lara A. Hosey 1, Carla M. Wettig 1, and Allen R. Braun 1

1 Language Section, Voice, Speech and Language Branch, National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, NIDCD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Stefan Kemeny, E-mail: kemenys{at}nidcd.nih.gov


  Abstract

Neuroimaging studies of overt speech hold an important practical advantage allowing monitoring of subject performance, particularly valuable in disorders like aphasia. However, speech production is not a monotonic process but a complex sequence of stages. Levelt and colleagues have described these as roughly corresponding to two originally independent systems -- conceptual and sensorimotor -- that are linked in the formulation and expression of spoken language. In the initial stages a word is chosen to match a concept (lexical selection); in the later stages the sound and motor patterns are encoded and the word is uttered (articulation). It has been difficult to discriminate these stages using conventional neuroimaging techniques. We designed a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in an attempt to do this, by introducing a latency into a conventional naming paradigm, delaying the articulated response. Our results showed that left hemisphere perisylvian areas were active throughout, interacting with visual and heteromodal areas during early lexical access and with motor and auditory areas during overt articulation. These results are consistent with the broadest version of the Levelt model and with that derived from Chomsky's minimalist program in which a core language system interacts with conceptual-intentional systems and articulatory-perceptual systems during the early and late stages of lexical access respectively.

Keywords: brain function; human brain mapping; magnetic resonance imaging; production; speech.
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