Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on March 9, 2005
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi070
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1 Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Prefrontal cortical functioning depends on D1 family receptors and their complex signal transduction cascade, including protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). Three PP1 isoforms are prominent in the brain: PP1
Article
Differential Localization of Protein Phosphatase-1
, 
and 
1 Isoforms in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
2 Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
3 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, USA
4 Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
5 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, USA
6 Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
E. Chris Muly, E-mail: ecmuly{at}rmy.emory.edu
Abstract 
, PP1
and PP1
1. PP1 localization by a variety of scaffolding proteins is critical for dopamine-mediated modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. We have quantified the subcellular distribution of each isoform in primate prefrontal cortex using immunoelectron microscopy. All three are found in spines, dendrites, axon terminals, axons and glia. However, PP1 and PP11 labeling is enriched in spines, whereas PP1 label is enriched in dendrites. Using post-embedding immunogold labeling, we further examined the distribution of PP1 and PP11 within spines. PP11 is highly and specifically concentrated in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of these spines, while PP1 is enriched in the PSD but also found subjacent to the PSD in moderate amounts. Thus, PP1 isoforms are heterogeneously distributed in the cortical neuropil and within spines. These results suggest that each PP1 isoform has access to a different set of substrates and, furthermore, they demonstrate that the composition of signal transduction proteins varies in different parts of the neuron and even in different regions of a dendritic spine in the primate PFC.
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