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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on September 1, 2004
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh155
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Article

The Neural Circuitry of Pre-attentive Auditory Change-detection: An fMRI Study of Pitch and Duration Mismatch Negativity generators

Sophie Molholm 1*, Antigona Martinez 1, Walter Ritter 1, Daniel C. Javitt 1, John J. Foxe 2*

1 The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA
2 The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA; Departments of Neuroscience & Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10462, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: foxe{at}nki.rfmh.org.


  Abstract

Electrophysiological studies have revealed a pre-attentive change-detection system in the auditory modality. This system emits a signal termed the mismatch negativity (MMN) when any detectable change in a regular pattern of auditory stimulation occurs. The precise intracranial sources underlying MMN generation, and in particular whether these vary as a function of the acoustic feature that changes, is a matter of some debate. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that anatomically distinct networks of auditory cortices are activated as a function of the deviating acoustic feature -- in this case, tone frequency and tone duration -- strongly supporting the hypothesis that MMN generators in auditory cortex are feature dependent. We also detail regions of the frontal and parietal cortices activated by change-detection processes. These regions also show feature dependence and we hypothesize that they reflect recruitment of attention-switching mechanisms.

Keywords: auditory; change-detection; fMRI; MMN; pre-attentive.
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