Cerebral Cortex Advance Access first published online on August 5, 2004
This version published online on September 6, 2004
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh142
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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1 Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Psychology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ys11{at}columbia.edu.
In order to understand the brain networks that mediate cognitive reserve, we explored the relationship between subjects' network expression during the performance of a memory test and an index of cognitive reserve. Using H215O positron emission tomography, we imaged 17 healthy older subjects and 20 young adults while they performed a serial recognition memory task for nonsense shapes under two conditions: low demand, with a unique shape presented in each study trial; and titrated demand, with a study list size adjusted so that each subject recognized shapes at 75% accuracy. A factor score that summarized years of education, and scores on the NART and the WAIS-R Vocabulary subtest was used as an index of cognitive reserve. The scaled subprofile model was used to identify a set of functionally connected regions (or topography) that changed in expression across the two task conditions and was differentially expressed by the young and elderly subjects. The regions most active in this topography consisted of right hippocampus, posterior insula, thalamus, and right and left operculum; we found concomitant deactivation in right lingual gyrus, inferior parietal lobe and association cortex, left posterior cingulate, and right and left calcarine cortex. Young subjects with higher cognitive reserve showed increased expression of the topography across the two task conditions. Because this topography, which is responsive to increased task demands, was differentially expressed as a function of reserve level, it may represent a neural manifestation of innate or acquired reserve. In contrast, older subjects with higher cognitive reserve showed decreased expression of the topography across tasks. This suggests some functional reorganization of the network used by the young subjects. Thus, for the old subjects this topography may represent an altered, compensatory network that is used to maintain function in the face of age-related physiological changes.
Article
Brain Networks Associated with Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Young and Old Adults
2 Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York
3 Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
4 Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York
5 Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York
6 Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Radiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York; Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
7 Department of Radiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York
Abstract
The originally published version of this paper was incorrect. In the legend to Figure 4, the reference to ‘red’ and ‘green’ should have been omitted to correspond to a change in the figure to black and white. The author apologizes that this error was not identified earlier.
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