Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on April 14, 2004
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh039
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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1 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: millermw{at}upstate.edu.
Transforming growth factor (TGF) Key Words:
alcohol, fetal alcohol syndrome, integrin, nCAM, parietal cortex, somatosensory cortex, TGF
Article
Transforming Growth Factor
1 Modulates Cell Migration in Rat Cortex: Effects of Ethanol
2 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
Abstract 
1 regulates cell migration of non-neural cells. Hence, two hypotheses were tested: (i) that TGF1 affects cell migration and the expression of associated adhesion proteins in developing cortex; and (ii) that these effects are antagonized by ethanol. The effects of TGF1 (2.5-40 ng/ml) and ethanol (400 mg/dl) on cell migration were examined in organotypic cultures from fetal rat brains. Migration was determined by tracing the movement of cells pulse-labeled with bromodeoxyuridine. Cell migration was altered by TGF1 in a concentration-dependent manner: at low concentrations, cell migration was promoted whereas at high concentrations TGF1 impeded migration. Ethanol treatment alone reduced the rate of migration. Interestingly, the rate of cell migration in slices treated with both TGF1 and ethanol was the same as that in untreated cultures. The expression of cell adhesion proteins (nCAM, integrin 
3, v and 1) was differentially effected by TGF1 and/or ethanol. TGF1 increased the expression of these adhesion proteins in a progressive, concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, ethanol also increased adhesion protein expression, however, combined TGF1 and ethanol treatment reduced expression. Collectively, the data show that TGF1 alters cell migration in the developing cortex and that the TGF1 system is a target of ethanol toxicity.1
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