Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on March 28, 2004
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh012
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: csaba.leranth{at}yale.edu.
The hippocampus plays a major role in learning and memory and its morphology and function are readily affected by gonadal hormones in female non-human primates. We sought to determine whether the gonads also affect pyramidal cell spine synapse density in the CA1 hippocampal area of male primates. Unbiased electron microscopic stereological calculations were performed to determine the volumetric density of pyramidal cell spine synapses and semiquantitative analyses on the surface density of glial fibrillary acidic proteincontaining glia processes and the diameter of pyramidal cell apical dendrites in the CA1 area of intact and orchidectomized (1 month) St Kitts vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). The volumetric density (number of spine synapse/µm3) of spine synapses was significantly lower (40%) in the gonadectomized animals than in control monkeys; conversely, the density of glia processes was significantly higher (15%) and the diameter of dendritic shafts located in this area was also larger (30%) in the orchidectomized animals than in the controls. Strikingly, when compared to female values, intact male primates had lower spine synapse densities than either intact or ovariectomized females. Since the primate hippocampus is very similar to that of a human's, the present observations suggest that physiological levels of circulating androgen hormones are necessary to support normal spine synapse density in the CA1 stratum radiatum of human male hippocampus. Key Words:
electron microscopic unbiased stereological calculation, glial fibrillary acidic protein, orchidectomy, pyramidal cell dendrite, sexual differences, vervet monkey
Article
Low CA1 Spine Synapse Density is Further Reduced by Castration in Male Non-human Primates
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Institute of Anatomy, University of Hamburg, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
3 Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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