Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 9, No. 5, 415-430,
July 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
Electrophysiological Studies of Human Face Perception. I: Potentials Generated in Occipitotemporal Cortex by Face and Non-face Stimuli
Neuropsychology Laboratory, VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516 and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
This and the following two papers describe event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by visual stimuli in 98 patients in whom electrodes were placed directly upon the cortical surface to monitor medically intractable seizures. Patients viewed pictures of faces, scrambled faces, letter-strings, number-strings, and animate and inanimate objects. This paper describes ERPs generated in striate and peristriate cortex, evoked by faces, and evoked by sinusoidal gratings, objects and letter-strings. Short-latency ERPs generated in striate and peristriate cortex were sensitive to elementary stimulus features such as luminance. Three types of face-specific ERPs were found: (i) a surface-negative potential with a peak latency of ~200 ms (N200) recorded from ventral occipitotemporal cortex, (ii) a lateral surface N200 recorded primarily from the middle temporal gyrus, and (iii) a late positive potential (P350) recorded from posterior ventral occipitotemporal, posterior lateral temporal and anterior ventral temporal cortex. Face-specific N200s were preceded by P150 and followed by P290 and N700 ERPs. N200 reflects initial face-specific processing, while P290, N700 and P350 reflect later face processing at or near N200 sites and in anterior ventral temporal cortex. Face-specific N200 amplitude was not significantly different in males and females, in the normal and abnormal hemisphere, or in the right and left hemisphere. However, cortical patches generating ventral face-specific N200s were larger in the right hemisphere. Other cortical patches in the same region of extrastriate cortex generated grating-sensitive N180s and objectspecific or letter-string-specific N200s, suggesting that the human ventral object recognition system is segregated into functionally discrete regions.
1 Current address: Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
2 Current address: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Box 3808, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. Garrido, N. Furl, B. Draganski, N. Weiskopf, J. Stevens, G. C.-Y. Tan, J. Driver, R. J. Dolan, and B. Duchaine Voxel-based morphometry reveals reduced grey matter volume in the temporal cortex of developmental prosopagnosics Brain, November 3, 2009; (2009) awp271v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Weidner, F. Boers, K. Mathiak, J. Dammers, and G. R. Fink The Temporal Dynamics of the Muller-Lyer Illusion Cereb Cortex, October 29, 2009; (2009) bhp217v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Smith, P. Fries, F. Gosselin, R. Goebel, and P. G. Schyns Inverse Mapping the Neuronal Substrates of Face Categorizations Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2009; 19(10): 2428 - 2438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Mitra and D. Coch A masked priming ERP study of letter processing using single letters and false fonts Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, June 1, 2009; 9(2): 216 - 228. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Pinsk, M. Arcaro, K. S. Weiner, J. F. Kalkus, S. J. Inati, C. G. Gross, and S. Kastner Neural Representations of Faces and Body Parts in Macaque and Human Cortex: A Comparative fMRI Study J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2009; 101(5): 2581 - 2600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Hari and M. V. Kujala Brain Basis of Human Social Interaction: From Concepts to Brain Imaging Physiol Rev, April 1, 2009; 89(2): 453 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. S. Dichter, J. N. Felder, J. W. Bodfish, L. Sikich, and A. Belger Mapping social target detection with functional magnetic resonance imaging Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, March 1, 2009; 4(1): 59 - 69. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Rajimehr, J. C. Young, and R. B. H. Tootell An anterior temporal face patch in human cortex, predicted by macaque maps PNAS, February 10, 2009; 106(6): 1995 - 2000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Y. Tsao, S. Moeller, and W. A. Freiwald Comparing face patch systems in macaques and humans PNAS, December 9, 2008; 105(49): 19514 - 19519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Ostwald, J. M. Lam, S. Li, and Z. Kourtzi Neural Coding of Global Form in the Human Visual Cortex J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2008; 99(5): 2456 - 2469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Barbeau, M. J. Taylor, J. Regis, P. Marquis, P. Chauvel, and C. Liegeois-Chauvel Spatio temporal Dynamics of Face Recognition Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2008; 18(5): 997 - 1009. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Y. Chiao, R. B. Adams Jr, P. U. Tse, W. T. Lowenthal, J. A. Richeson, and N. Ambady Knowing Who's Boss: fMRI and ERP Investigations of Social Dominance Perception Group Processes Intergroup Relations, April 1, 2008; 11(2): 201 - 214. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sehatpour, S. Molholm, T. H. Schwartz, J. R. Mahoney, A. D. Mehta, D. C. Javitt, P. K. Stanton, and J. J. Foxe A human intracranial study of long-range oscillatory coherence across a frontal-occipital-hippocampal brain network during visual object processing PNAS, March 18, 2008; 105(11): 4399 - 4404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Walker, L. Silvert, M. Hewstone, and A. C. Nobre Social contact and other-race face processing in the human brain Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, March 1, 2008; 3(1): 16 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Ewbank, W. A.P. Smith, E. R. Hancock, and T. J. Andrews The M170 Reflects a Viewpoint-Dependent Representation for Both Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2008; 18(2): 364 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kriegeskorte, E. Formisano, B. Sorger, and R. Goebel Individual faces elicit distinct response patterns in human anterior temporal cortex PNAS, December 18, 2007; 104(51): 20600 - 20605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. G. Philiastides and P. Sajda EEG-Informed fMRI Reveals Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Perceptual Decision Making J. Neurosci., November 28, 2007; 27(48): 13082 - 13091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Yoshor, W. H. Bosking, G. M. Ghose, and J. H. R. Maunsell Receptive Fields in Human Visual Cortex Mapped with Surface Electrodes Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2007; 17(10): 2293 - 2302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Behrmann, G. Avidan, F. Gao, and S. Black Structural Imaging Reveals Anatomical Alterations in Inferotemporal Cortex in Congenital Prosopagnosia Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2007; 17(10): 2354 - 2363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. R. Olson, A. Plotzker, and Y. Ezzyat The Enigmatic temporal pole: a review of findings on social and emotional processing Brain, July 1, 2007; 130(7): 1718 - 1731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Privman, Y. Nir, U. Kramer, S. Kipervasser, F. Andelman, M. Y. Neufeld, R. Mukamel, Y. Yeshurun, I. Fried, and R. Malach Enhanced Category Tuning Revealed by Intracranial Electroencephalograms in High-Order Human Visual Areas J. Neurosci., June 6, 2007; 27(23): 6234 - 6242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Morris, K. A. Pelphrey, and G. McCarthy Controlled scanpath variation alters fusiform face activation Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, March 1, 2007; 2(1): 31 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. D. Butler, A. Martinez, J. J. Foxe, D. Kim, V. Zemon, G. Silipo, J. Mahoney, M. Shpaner, M. Jalbrzikowski, and D. C. Javitt Subcortical visual dysfunction in schizophrenia drives secondary cortical impairments Brain, February 1, 2007; 130(2): 417 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Harris and K. Nakayama Rapid Face-Selective Adaptation of an Early Extrastriate Component in MEG Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2007; 17(1): 63 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Kanwisher and G. Yovel The fusiform face area: a cortical region specialized for the perception of faces Phil Trans R Soc B, December 29, 2006; 361(1476): 2109 - 2128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. V. David, B. Y. Hayden, and J. L. Gallant Spectral Receptive Field Properties Explain Shape Selectivity in Area V4 J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2006; 96(6): 3492 - 3505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Downing, A. W.-Y. Chan, M. V. Peelen, C. M. Dodds, and N. Kanwisher Domain Specificity in Visual Cortex Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1453 - 1461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Kovacs, M. Zimmer, E. Banko, I. Harza, A. Antal, and Z. Vidnyanszky Electrophysiological Correlates of Visual Adaptation to Faces and Body Parts in Humans Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2006; 16(5): 742 - 753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Onitsuka, M. A. Niznikiewicz, K. M. Spencer, M. Frumin, N. Kuroki, L. C. Lucia, M. E. Shenton, and R. W. McCarley Functional and Structural Deficits in Brain Regions Subserving Face Perception in Schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry, March 1, 2006; 163(3): 455 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Furey, T. Tanskanen, M. S. Beauchamp, S. Avikainen, K. Uutela, R. Hari, and J. V. Haxby Dissociation of face-selective cortical responses by attention PNAS, January 24, 2006; 103(4): 1065 - 1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Foxe, M. M. Murray, and D. C. Javitt Filling-in in Schizophrenia: a High-density Electrical Mapping and Source-analysis Investigation of Illusory Contour Processing Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2005; 15(12): 1914 - 1927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. C. De Souza, S. Eifuku, R. Tamura, H. Nishijo, and T. Ono Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the Anterior Superior Temporal Sulcus of Macaques J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2005; 94(2): 1252 - 1266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tanskanen, R. Nasanen, T. Montez, J. Paallysaho, and R. Hari Face Recognition and Cortical Responses Show Similar Sensitivity to Noise Spatial Frequency Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2005; 15(5): 526 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Tallon-Baudry, O. Bertrand, M.-A. Henaff, J. Isnard, and C. Fischer Attention Modulates Gamma-band Oscillations Differently in the Human Lateral Occipital Cortex and Fusiform Gyrus Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2005; 15(5): 654 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tanji, K. Suzuki, A. Delorme, H. Shamoto, and N. Nakasato High-Frequency {gamma}-Band Activity in the Basal Temporal Cortex during Picture-Naming and Lexical-Decision Tasks J. Neurosci., March 30, 2005; 25(13): 3287 - 3293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Rossion, C.-C. Kung, and M. J. Tarr Visual expertise with nonface objects leads to competition with the early perceptual processing of faces in the human occipitotemporal cortex PNAS, October 5, 2004; 101(40): 14521 - 14526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Molholm, W. Ritter, D. C. Javitt, and J. J. Foxe Multisensory Visual-Auditory Object Recognition in Humans: a High-density Electrical Mapping Study Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2004; 14(4): 452 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Itier and M. J. Taylor N170 or N1? Spatiotemporal Differences between Object and Face Processing Using ERPs Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2004; 14(2): 132 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Huettel, M. J. McKeown, A. W. Song, S. Hart, D. D. Spencer, T. Allison, and G. McCarthy Linking Hemodynamic and Electrophysiological Measures of Brain Activity: Evidence from Functional MRI and Intracranial Field Potentials Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2004; 14(2): 165 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Eifuku, W. C. De Souza, R. Tamura, H. Nishijo, and T. Ono Neuronal Correlates of Face Identification in the Monkey Anterior Temporal Cortical Areas J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2004; 91(1): 358 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. LaBar, M. J. Crupain, J. T. Voyvodic, and G. McCarthy Dynamic Perception of Facial Affect and Identity in the Human Brain Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2003; 13(10): 1023 - 1033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.N. Henson, Y. Goshen-Gottstein, T. Ganel, L.J. Otten, A. Quayle, and M.D. Rugg Electrophysiological and Haemodynamic Correlates of Face Perception, Recognition and Priming Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2003; 13(7): 793 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. H. Tootell, D. Tsao, and W. Vanduffel Neuroimaging Weighs In: Humans Meet Macaques in "Primate" Visual Cortex J. Neurosci., May 15, 2003; 23(10): 3981 - 3989. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Onitsuka, M. E. Shenton, K. Kasai, P. G. Nestor, S. K. Toner, R. Kikinis, F. A. Jolesz, and R. W. McCarley Fusiform Gyrus Volume Reduction and Facial Recognition in Chronic Schizophrenia Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 2003; 60(4): 349 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Passie, M. Karst, M. Borsutzky, B. Wiese, H. M. Emrich, and U. Schneider Effects of different subanaesthetic doses of (S)-ketamine on psychopathology and binocular depth inversion in man J Psychopharmacol, January 1, 2003; 17(1): 51 - 56. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Allison, A. Puce, and G. McCarthy Category-Sensitive Excitatory and Inhibitory Processes in Human Extrastriate Cortex J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2002; 88(5): 2864 - 2868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. M. Doniger, J. J. Foxe, M. M. Murray, B. A. Higgins, and D. C. Javitt Impaired Visual Object Recognition and Dorsal/Ventral Stream Interaction in Schizophrenia Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 2002; 59(11): 1011 - 1020. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. U. Lee, M. E. Shenton, D. F. Salisbury, K. Kasai, T. Onitsuka, C. C. Dickey, D. Yurgelun-Todd, R. Kikinis, F. A. Jolesz, and R. W. McCarley Fusiform Gyrus Volume Reduction in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 2002; 59(9): 775 - 781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. F. Li, R. VanRullen, C. Koch, and P. Perona Rapid natural scene categorization in the near absence of attention PNAS, July 9, 2002; 99(14): 9596 - 9601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Tarkiainen, P. L. Cornelissen, and R. Salmelin Dynamics of visual feature analysis and object-level processing in face versus letter-string perception Brain, May 1, 2002; 125(5): 1125 - 1136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Adolphs Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: psychological and neurological mechanisms. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, March 1, 2002; 1(1): 21 - 62. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Rossion and I. Gauthier How does the brain process upright and inverted faces? Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, March 1, 2002; 1(1): 63 - 75. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Z. Rapcsak, L. Nielsen, L. D. Littrell, E. L. Glisky, A. W. Kaszniak, and J. F. Laguna Face memory impairments in patients with frontal lobe damage Neurology, October 9, 2001; 57(7): 1168 - 1175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. V. Haxby, M. I. Gobbini, M. L. Furey, A. Ishai, J. L. Schouten, and P. Pietrini Distributed and Overlapping Representations of Faces and Objects in Ventral Temporal Cortex Science, September 28, 2001; 293(5539): 2425 - 2430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Streit, A. Ioannides, T. Sinnemann, W. Wolwer, J. Dammers, K. Zilles, and W. Gaebel Disturbed Facial Affect Recognition in Patients With Schizophrenia Associated With Hypoactivity in Distributed Brain Regions: A Magnetoencephalographic Study Am J Psychiatry, September 1, 2001; 158(9): 1429 - 1436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. R. Olson, M. M. Chun, and T. Allison Contextual guidance of attention: Human intracranial event-related potential evidence for feedback modulation in anatomically early temporally late stages of visual processing Brain, July 1, 2001; 124(7): 1417 - 1425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Dhond, R. L. Buckner, A. M. Dale, K. Marinkovic, and E. Halgren Spatiotemporal Maps of Brain Activity Underlying Word Generation and Their Modification during Repetition Priming J. Neurosci., May 15, 2001; 21(10): 3564 - 3571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Vuilleumier, N. Sagiv, E. Hazeltine, R. A. Poldrack, D. Swick, R. D. Rafal, and J. D. E. Gabrieli Neural fate of seen and unseen faces in visuospatial neglect: A combined event-related functional MRI and event-related potential study PNAS, March 1, 2001; (2001) 51436898. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. H. Rammsayer Effects of Pharmacologically Induced Changes in NMDA-Receptor Activity on Long-Term Memory in Humans Learn. Mem., January 1, 2001; 8(1): 20 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakamura, R. Kawashima, N. Sato, A. Nakamura, M. Sugiura, T. Kato, K. Hatano, K. Ito, H. Fukuda, T. Schormann, et al. Functional delineation of the human occipito-temporal areas related to face and scene processing: A PET study Brain, September 1, 2000; 123(9): 1903 - 1912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. McCarthy, A. Puce, A. Belger, and T. Allison Electrophysiological Studies of Human Face Perception. II: Response Properties of Face-specific Potentials Generated in Occipitotemporal Cortex Cereb Cortex, July 1, 1999; 9(5): 431 - 444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Puce, T. Allison, and G. McCarthy Electrophysiological Studies of Human Face Perception. III: Effects of Top-down Processing on Face-specific Potentials Cereb Cortex, July 1, 1999; 9(5): 445 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Vuilleumier, N. Sagiv, E. Hazeltine, R. A. Poldrack, D. Swick, R. D. Rafal, and J. D. E. Gabrieli Neural fate of seen and unseen faces in visuospatial neglect: A combined event-related functional MRI and event-related potential study PNAS, March 13, 2001; 98(6): 3495 - 3500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|