Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text Freely available
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (86)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Magnotta, V. A.
Right arrow Articles by Flaum, M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Magnotta, V. A.
Right arrow Articles by Flaum, M.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 9, No. 2, 151-160, March 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press

Quantitative In Vivo Measurement of Gyrification in the Human Brain: Changes Associated with Aging

Vincent A. Magnotta, Nancy C. Andreasen, Susan K. Schultz, Greg Harris, Ted Cizadlo, Dan Heckel, Peg Nopoulos and Michael Flaum

Mental Health Clinical Research Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine and Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA

Clinical observation suggests that the aging process affects gyrification, with the brain appearing more ‘atrophic’ with increasing age. Empirical studies of tissue type indicate that gray matter volume decreases with age while cerebrospinal fluid increases. Quantitative changes in cortical surface characteristics such as sulcal and gyral shape have not been measured, however, due to difficulties in developing a method that separates abutting gyral crowns and opens up the sulci – the ‘problem of buried cortex’. We describe a quantitative method for measuring brain surface characteristics that is reliable and valid. This method is used to define the gyral and sulcal characteristics of atrophic and non-atrophic brains and to examine changes that occur with aging in a sample of 148 normal individuals from a broad age range. The shape of gyri and sulci change significantly over time, with the gyri becoming more sharply and steeply curved, while the sulci become more flattened and less curved. Cortical thickness also decreases over time. Cortical thinning progresses more rapidly in males than in females. The progression of these changes appears to be relatively stable during midlife and to begin to progress some time during the fourth decade. Measurements of sulcal and gyral shape may be useful in studying the mechanisms of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative changes that occur during brain maturation and aging.


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
K. Im, J.-M. Lee, O. Lyttelton, S. H. Kim, A. C. Evans, and S. I. Kim
Brain Size and Cortical Structure in the Adult Human Brain
Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2008; 18(9): 2181 - 2191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
E. Jouvent, J.-F. Mangin, R. Porcher, A. Viswanathan, M. O'Sullivan, J.-P. Guichard, M. Dichgans, M.-G. Bousser, and H. Chabriat
Cortical changes in cerebral small vessel diseases: a 3D MRI study of cortical morphology in CADASIL
Brain, August 1, 2008; 131(8): 2201 - 2208.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
M.-S. Koo, J. J. Levitt, D. F. Salisbury, M. Nakamura, M. E. Shenton, and R. W. McCarley
A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cingulate Gyrus Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in First-Episode Schizophrenia and First-Episode Affective Psychosis
Arch Gen Psychiatry, July 1, 2008; 65(7): 746 - 760.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Soc Cogn Affect NeurosciHome page
J. L. Wood, V. Murko, and P. Nopoulos
Ventral frontal cortex in children: morphology, social cognition and femininity/masculinity
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, June 1, 2008; 3(2): 168 - 176.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
R. E. Jorge, D. J. Moser, L. Acion, and R. G. Robinson
Treatment of Vascular Depression Using Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2008; 65(3): 268 - 276.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
J. L. Wood, D. Heitmiller, N. C. Andreasen, and P. Nopoulos
Morphology of the Ventral Frontal Cortex: Relationship to Femininity and Social Cognition
Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2008; 18(3): 534 - 540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
T. White, K. Cullen, L. M. Rohrer, C. Karatekin, M. Luciana, M. Schmidt, D. Hongwanishkul, S. Kumra, S. Charles Schulz, and K. O. Lim
Limbic Structures and Networks in Children and Adolescents With Schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull, January 1, 2008; 34(1): 18 - 29.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Neuroradiol.Home page
M. Caulo, C. Briganti, P.A. Mattei, B. Perfetti, A. Ferretti, G.L. Romani, A. Tartaro, and C. Colosimo
New Morphologic Variants of the Hand Motor Cortex as Seen with MR Imaging in a Large Study Population
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., September 1, 2007; 28(8): 1480 - 1485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
P. Nopoulos, V. A. Magnotta, A. Mikos, H. Paulson, N. C. Andreasen, and J. S. Paulsen
Morphology of the Cerebral Cortex in Preclinical Huntington's Disease
Am J Psychiatry, September 1, 2007; 164(9): 1428 - 1434.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
W. D. Hopkins, C. Cantalupo, and J. Taglialatela
Handedness Is Associated with Asymmetries in Gyrification of the Cerebral Cortex of Chimpanzees
Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2007; 17(8): 1750 - 1756.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
M. E. Rettmann, M. A. Kraut, J. L. Prince, and S. M. Resnick
Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Anatomical Sulcal Changes Associated with Aging
Cereb Cortex, November 1, 2006; 16(11): 1584 - 1594.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
A. Kopelman, N. C. Andreasen, and P. Nopoulos
Morphology of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Patients With Schizophrenia: Relationship to Typical Neuroleptic Exposure
Am J Psychiatry, October 1, 2005; 162(10): 1872 - 1878.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
R. E. Jorge, S. E. Starkstein, S. Arndt, D. Moser, B. Crespo-Facorro, and R. G. Robinson
Alcohol Misuse and Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Arch Gen Psychiatry, July 1, 2005; 62(7): 742 - 749.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
K. L. Narr, R. M. Bilder, A. W. Toga, R. P. Woods, D. E. Rex, P. R. Szeszko, D. Robinson, S. Sevy, H. Gunduz-Bruce, Y.-P. Wang, et al.
Mapping Cortical Thickness and Gray Matter Concentration in First Episode Schizophrenia
Cereb Cortex, June 1, 2005; 15(6): 708 - 719.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
R. E. Jorge, R. G. Robinson, D. Moser, A. Tateno, B. Crespo-Facorro, and S. Arndt
Major Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Arch Gen Psychiatry, January 1, 2004; 61(1): 42 - 50.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
K. L. Narr, T. Sharma, R. P. Woods, P. M. Thompson, E. R. Sowell, D. Rex, S. Kim, D. Asuncion, S. Jang, J. Mazziotta, et al.
Increases in Regional Subarachnoid CSF Without Apparent Cortical Gray Matter Deficits in Schizophrenia: Modulating Effects of Sex and Age
Am J Psychiatry, December 1, 2003; 160(12): 2169 - 2180.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
B.-C. Ho, D. Alicata, J. Ward, D. J. Moser, D. S. O'Leary, S. Arndt, and N. C. Andreasen
Untreated Initial Psychosis: Relation to Cognitive Deficits and Brain Morphology in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry, January 1, 2003; 160(1): 142 - 148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
T. White, N. C. Andreasen, and P. Nopoulos
Brain Volumes and Surface Morphology in Monozygotic Twins
Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2002; 12(5): 486 - 493.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.