Cerebral Cortex 1996; 6:102-119
© Oxford University Press 1996
research-article |
Cortical Networks for Visual Reaching: Physiological and Anatomical Organization of Frontal and Parietal Lobe Arm Regions
1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, 2Istituto di Fisiologia umana, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," 00185 Rome, Italy
Address correspondence to Paul B. Johnson, Division of Neurosurgery, Box 3807, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
The functional and structural properties of the dorsolateral frontal lobe and posterior parietal proximal arm representations were studied in macaque monkeys. Physiological mapping of primary motor (MI), dorsal premotor (PMd), and posterior parietal (area 5) cortices was performed in behaving monkeys trained in an instructed-delay reaching task. The parietofrontal corticocorticat connectivities of these same areas were subsequently examined anatomically by means of retrograde tracing techniques.
Signal-, set-, movement-, and position-related directional neuronal activities were distributed nonuniformly within the task-related areas in both frontal and parietal cortices. Within the frontal lobe, moving caudally from PMd to the MI, the activity that signals for the visuospatial events leading to target localization decreased, while the activity more directly linked to movement generation increased.
Physiological recordings in the superior parietal lobule revealed a gradient-like distribution of functional properties similar to that observed in the frontal lobe. Signal- and set-related activities were encountered more frequently in the intermediate and ventral part of the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), in area MIP. Movement- and position-related activities were distributed more uniformly within the superior parietal lobule (SPL), in both dorsal area 5 and in MIP.
Frontal and parietal regions sharing similar functional properties were preferentially connected through their association pathways. As a result of this study, area MIP, and possibly areas MDP and 7m as well, emerge as the parietal nodes by which visual information may be relayed to the frontal lobe arm region. These parietal and frontal areas, along with their association connections, represent a potential cortical network for visual reaching. The architecture of this network is ideal for coding reaching as the result of a combination between visual and somatic information.
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A. Battaglia-Mayer, S. Ferraina, T. Mitsuda, B. Marconi, A. Genovesio, P. Onorati, F. Lacquaniti, and R. Caminiti Early Coding of Reaching in the Parietooccipital Cortex J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2000; 83(4): 2374 - 2391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Fujii, H. Mushiake, and J. Tanji Rostrocaudal Distinction of the Dorsal Premotor Area Based on Oculomotor Involvement J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2000; 83(3): 1764 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. H. Snyder, A. P. Batista, and R. A. Andersen Saccade-Related Activity in the Parietal Reach Region J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2000; 83(2): 1099 - 1102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Rijntjes, C. Dettmers, C. Buchel, S. Kiebel, R. S. J. Frackowiak, and C. Weiller A Blueprint for Movement: Functional and Anatomical Representations in the Human Motor System J. Neurosci., September 15, 1999; 19(18): 8043 - 8048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M.T.V. Johnson, J. D. Coltz, M. C. Hagen, and T. J. Ebner Visuomotor Processing as Reflected in the Directional Discharge of Premotor and Primary Motor Cortex Neurons J Neurophysiol, February 1, 1999; 81(2): 875 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Toni, N. D. Schluter, O. Josephs, K. Friston, and R. E. Passingham Signal-, Set- and Movement-related Activity in the Human Brain: An Event-related fMRI Study Cereb Cortex, January 1, 1999; 9(1): 35 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. S. Turner, S. T. Grafton, J. R. Votaw, M. R. Delong, and J. M. Hoffman Motor Subcircuits Mediating the Control of Movement Velocity: A PET Study J Neurophysiol, October 1, 1998; 80(4): 2162 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. B. Bhat and J. N. Sanes Cognitive Channels Computing Action Distance and Direction J. Neurosci., September 15, 1998; 18(18): 7566 - 7580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Boussaoud, C. Jouffrais, and F. Bremmer Eye Position Effects on the Neuronal Activity of Dorsal Premotor Cortex in the Macaque Monkey J Neurophysiol, September 1, 1998; 80(3): 1132 - 1150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. T. Grafton, A. H. Fagg, and M. A. Arbib Dorsal Premotor Cortex and Conditional Movement Selection: A PET Functional Mapping Study J Neurophysiol, February 1, 1998; 79(2): 1092 - 1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. P. Donoghue, J. N. Sanes, N. G. Hatsopoulos, and G. Gaal Neural Discharge and Local Field Potential Oscillations in Primate Motor Cortex During Voluntary Movements J Neurophysiol, January 1, 1998; 79(1): 159 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M.F.S. Rushworth, H. Johansen-Berg, and S. A. Young Parietal Cortex and Spatial-Postural Transformation During Arm Movements J Neurophysiol, January 1, 1998; 79(1): 478 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Salinas and R. Romo Conversion of Sensory Signals into Motor Commands in Primary Motor Cortex J. Neurosci., January 1, 1998; 18(1): 499 - 511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. H. Scott, L. E. Sergio, and J. F. Kalaska Reaching Movements With Similar Hand Paths but Different Arm Orientations. II. Activity of Individual Cells in Dorsal Premotor Cortex and Parietal Area 5 J Neurophysiol, November 1, 1997; 78(5): 2413 - 2426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Shadmehr and H. H. Holcomb Neural Correlates of Motor Memory Consolidation Science, August 8, 1997; 277(5327): 821 - 825. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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