Cerebral Cortex 1993; 3:79-94
© Oxford University Press 1993
research-article |
Area V5 of the Human Brain: Evidence from a Combined Study Using Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
1Department of Anatomy, University College London London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, 2 MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital London W12 0HS, United Kingdom, 3 GEC-Marconi Ltd., Hirst Research Centre Wembley HA9 7PP and the NMR Unit, Hammersmith Hospital London W12 0HS, United Kingdom, 4 Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences and Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California 90024
In pursuing our work on the organization of human visual cortex, we wanted to specify more accurately the position of the visual motion area (area V5) in relation to the sulcal and gyral pattern of the cerebral cortex. We also wanted to determine the intersubject variation of area V5 in terms of position and extent of blood flow change in it, in response to the same task. We therefore used positron emission tomography (PET) to determine the foci of relative cerebral blood flow increases produced when subjects viewed a moving checkerboard pattern, compared to viewing the same pattern when it was stationary. We coregistered the PET images from each subject with images of the same brain obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, thus relating the position of V5 in all 24 hemispheres examined to the individual gyral configuration of the same brains. This approach also enabled us to examine the extent to which results obtained by pooling the PET data from a small group of individuals (e.g., six), chosen at random, would be representative of a much larger sample in determining the mean location of V5 after transformation into Talairach coordinates.
After stereotaxic transformation of each individual brain, we found that the position of area V5 can vary by as much as 27 mm in the left hemisphere and 18 mm in the right for the pixel with the highest significance for blood flow change. There is also an intersubject variability in blood flow change within it in response to the same visual task. V5 nevertheless bears a consistent relationship, within each brain, to the sulcal pattern of the occipital lobe. It is situated ventrolaterally, just posterior to the meeting point of the ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus and the lateral occipital sulcus. In position it corresponds almost precisely with Flechsig's Feld 16, one of the areas that he found to be myelinated at birth.
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 J. Mazziotta, A. Toga, A. Evans, P. Fox, J. Lancaster, K. Zilles, R. Woods, T. Paus, G. Simpson, B. Pike, et al. A Four-Dimensional Probabilistic Atlas of the Human Brain J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., September 1, 2001; 8(5): 401 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Bottini, H.-O. Karnath, G. Vallar, R. Sterzi, C. D. Frith, R. S. J. Frackowiak, and E. Paulesu Cerebral representations for egocentric space: Functional-anatomical evidence from caloric vestibular stimulation and neck vibration Brain, June 1, 2001; 124(6): 1182 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Busettini, E. J. Fitzgibbon, and F. A. Miles Short-Latency Disparity Vergence in Humans J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2001; 85(3): 1129 - 1152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Sasaki, N. Hadjikhani, B. Fischl, A. K. Liu, S. Marrett, A. M. Dale, and R. B. H. Tootell Local and global attention are mapped retinotopically in human occipital cortex PNAS, February 13, 2001; 98(4): 2077 - 2082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. M. Vaina, A. Cowey, R. T. Eskew Jr, M. LeMay, and T. Kemper Regional cerebral correlates of global motion perception: Evidence from unilateral cerebral brain damage Brain, February 1, 2001; 124(2): 310 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. M. Thompson, M. S. Mega, R. P. Woods, C. I. Zoumalan, C. J. Lindshield, R. E. Blanton, J. Moussai, C. J. Holmes, J. L. Cummings, and A. W. Toga Cortical Change in Alzheimer's Disease Detected with a Disease-specific Population-based Brain Atlas Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2001; 11(1): 1 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Freitag, M.W. Greenlee, K. Wachter, Th.M. Ettlin, and E.W. Radue fMRI Response During Visual Motion Stimulation in Patients with Late Whiplash Syndrome Neurorehabil Neural Repair, January 1, 2001; 15(1): 31 - 37. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. Azzopardi and A. Cowey Motion discrimination in cortically blind patients Brain, January 1, 2001; 124(1): 30 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. A. Petitto, R. J. Zatorre, K. Gauna, E. J. Nikelski, D. Dostie, and A. C. Evans From the Cover: Speech-like cerebral activity in profoundly deaf people processing signed languages: Implications for the neural basis of human language PNAS, December 5, 2000; 97(25): 13961 - 13966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Y. Bookheimer, T. A. Zeffiro, T. A. Blaxton, W. Gaillard, and W. H. Theodore Activation of language cortex with automatic speech tasks Neurology, October 24, 2000; 55(8): 1151 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Seghier, M. Dojat, C. Delon-Martin, C. Rubin, J. Warnking, C. Segebarth, and J. Bullier Moving Illusory Contours Activate Primary Visual Cortex: an fMRI Study Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2000; 10(7): 663 - 670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. C. Huk and D. J. Heeger Task-Related Modulation of Visual Cortex J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2000; 83(6): 3525 - 3536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. O. Dumoulin, R. G. Bittar, N. J. Kabani, C. L. Baker Jr, G. Le Goualher, G. B. Pike, and A. C. Evans A New Anatomical Landmark for Reliable Identification of Human Area V5/MT: a Quantitative Analysis of Sulcal Patterning Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2000; 10(5): 454 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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