Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on March 8, 2006
Cerebral Cortex 2007 17(2):353-362; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj152
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Role of the Ipsilateral Primary Motor Cortex in Controlling the Timing of Hand Muscle Recruitment
1 Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, 2 Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine unit and Education Physique et de Réadaptation, School of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 54, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
Address correspondence to E. Olivier, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université catholique de Louvain, 54, Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Email: olivier{at}nefy.ucl.ac.be.
The precise contribution of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (iM1) to hand movements remains controversial. To address this issue, we elicited transient virtual lesions of iM1 by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in healthy subjects performing either a grip-lift task or a step-tracking task with their right dominant hand. We found that, irrespective of the task, a virtual lesion of iM1 altered the timing of the muscle recruitment. In the grip-lift task, this led to a less coordinated sequence of grip and lift movements and in the step-tracking task, to a perturbation of the movement trajectory. In the step-tracking task, we have demonstrated that disrupting iM1 activity may, depending on the TMS delay, either advance or delay the muscle recruitment. The present study suggests that iM1 plays a critical role in hand movements by contributing to the setting of the muscle recruitment timing, most likely through either inhibitory or facilitatory transcallosal influences onto the contralateral M1 (cM1). iM1 would therefore contribute to shape precisely the muscular command originating from cM1.
Key Words: agonist–antagonist muscles • corpus callosum • interhemispheric inhibition • motor cortex • TMS
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