Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on September 30, 2004
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(6):823-833; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh183
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Cerebral Cortex V 15 N 6 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved
Localization of Activity-dependent Changes in Blood Volume to Submillimeter-scale Functional Domains in Cat Visual Cortex
1 Laboratory for Integrative Neural Systems, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, 2 Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, PA 15203, USA, 3 Present address: Laboratory for Cognitive Brain Mapping, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, 4 Present address: Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., 3-10-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, 214-8501, Japan
Address correspondence to Manabu Tanifuji, Laboratory for Integrative Neural Systems, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. Email: tanifuji{at}postman.riken.go.jp.
We have examined whether blood volume changes induced by neural activation are controlled precisely enough for us to visualize the submillimeter-scale functional structure in anesthetized and awake cat visual cortex. To activate the submillimeter-scale functional structures such as iso-orientation domains in the cortex, visual stimuli (gratings) were presented to the cats. Two methods were used to examine the spatial precision of blood volume changes including changes in total hemoglobin content and changes in plasma volume: (i) intrinsic signal imaging at the wavelength of hemoglobin's isosbestic point (569 nm) and (ii) imaging of absorption changes of an intravenously injected dye. Both measurements showed that the visual stimuli elicited stimulus-nonspecific and stimulus-specific blood volume changes in the cortex. The former was not spatially localized, while the latter was confined to iso-orientation domains. From the measurement of spatial separation of the iso-orientation domains, we estimated the spatial resolution of stimulus-specific blood volume changes to be as high as 0.6 mm. The changes in stimulus-nonspecific and -specific blood volume were not linearly correlated. These results suggest the existence of fine blood volume control mechanisms in the capillary bed in addition to global control mechanisms in arteries.
Key Words: cerebral blood flow • functional MRI • hemodynamic response • intrinsic signal imaging • orientation column • spectroscopic analysis
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