Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on July 6, 2004
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(2):170-186; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh120
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Cerebral Cortex V 15 N 2 © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved
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Intracortical Responses in Human and Monkey Primary Auditory Cortex Support a Temporal Processing Mechanism for Encoding of the Voice Onset Time Phonetic Parameter
1 Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, 2 Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA and 3 Department of Surgery (Division of Neurosurgery), University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
This study tests the hypothesis that temporal response patterns in primary auditory cortex are potentially relevant for voice onset time (VOT) encoding in two related experiments. The first experiment investigates whether temporal responses reflecting VOT are modulated in a way that can account for boundary shifts that occur with changes in first formant (F1) frequency, and by extension, consonant place of articulation. Evoked potentials recorded from Heschl's gyrus in a patient undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation are examined. Representation of VOT varies in a manner that reflects the spectral composition of the syllables and the underlying tonotopic organization. Activity patterns averaged across extended regions of Heschl's gyrus parallel changes in the subject's perceptual boundaries. The second experiment investigates whether the physiological boundary for detecting the sequence of two acoustic elements parallels the psychoacoustic result of 
20 ms. Population responses evoked by two-tone complexes with variable tone onset times (TOTs) in primary auditory cortex of the monkey are examined. Onset responses evoked by both the first and second tones are detected at a TOT separation as short as 20 ms. Overall, parallels between perceptual and physiological results support the relevance of a population-based temporal processing mechanism for VOT encoding.
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