Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on March 2, 2005
Cerebral Cortex 2005 15(10):1547-1560; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi033
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Impairment of Gaze-centered Updating of Reach Targets in Bilateral Parietal–Occipital Damaged Patients
1 Centre for Vision Research, CIHR Group for Action and Perception and Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3, 2 Espace et Action, INSERM U534 and Université Claude Bernard, 16 avenue Doyen Lépine, 69676 Bron, France, 3 Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69394 Lyon, France, 4 Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69391 Lyon, France and Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France and 5 Departments of Biology and Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
Address correspondence to J. Douglas Crawford, Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3. Email: jdc{at}yorku.ca.
Recent studies have suggested that internal updating of visuospatial targets in humans occurs in gaze-centered coordinates and takes place in the parietal and extrastriate cortices. We explored how information for reaching is updated in two patients with bilateral lesions in these areas. Subjects performed two visuomotor tasks: (i) a fixation reaching task, which began with the appearance of one of five fixation positions (varying eye positions) followed by a central reaching target. Subjects reached to the target while fixating on the presented fixation position (relative to gaze the target was always presented in the periphery); and (ii) a saccade reaching task, in which subjects foveated on the central reaching target, then made a saccade to the presented fixation position before reaching to the central target. In both tasks, subjects reached to targets after a 500 or 5000 ms delay. Gaze-centered updating predicts similarities in reaching errors between fixation and saccade trials. Control subjects showed evidence for gaze-centered updating during both 500 and 5000 ms delay conditions. In contrast, patient AT, who had extensive occipital–parietal damage, only showed signs of gaze-centered representation after 5 s. Patient IG, with a more focal lesion in the parietal cortices, showed partial updating in gaze-centered coordinates when reaching with the small memory delay but recovered a complete gaze-centered representation after the longer delay. This suggests that patients with bilateral occipital–parietal lesions may rely on non-gaze-centered frames to store immediate target locations in reaching space but, given enough time, this information may be rerouted to access other gaze-centered motor cortical mechanisms.
Key Words: eye-centered coordinates • eye–hand coordination • optic ataxia • posterior parietal cortex • reference frames • visual updating
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