Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on March 28, 2004
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Cerebral Cortex May 2004; 14:476-483
© Oxford University Press 2004
Feature Article |
Neural Dynamics and the Fundamental Mechanisms of Event-related Brain Potentials
1 Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, 2 Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA, 3 Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA, 4 Computational Sciences Division, Code IC, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA, 5 Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA, 6 Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1394, Hungary
Event-related potentials (ERPs) provide a critical link between the hemodynamic response, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, and the dynamics of the underlying neuronal activity. Single-trial ERP recordings capture the oscillatory activity that are hypothesized to underlie both communication between brain regions and amplified processing of behaviorally relevant stimuli. However, precise interpretations of ERPs are precluded by uncertainty about their neural mechanisms. One influential theory holds that averaged sensory ERPs are generated by partial phase resetting of ongoing electroencephalographic oscillations, while another states that ERPs result from stimulus-evoked neural responses. We formulated critical predictions of each theory and tested these using direct, intracortical analyses of neural activity in monkeys. Our findings support a predominant role for stimulus-evoked activity in sensory ERP generation, and they outline both logic and methodology necessary for differentiating evoked and phase resetting contributions to cognitive and motor ERPs in future studies.
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