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Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 12, No. 8, 840-846, August 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Neurophysiological Evidence of Error-monitoring Deficits in Patients with Schizophrenia

Claude Alain1,5, Heather E. McNeely1,2, Yu He1, Bruce K. Christensen2,3 and Robert West4

1 Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, , 2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Clarke Site, , 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, , 4 University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA and , 5 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Claude Alain, Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M6A 2E1. Email: calain{at}rotman-baycrest.on.ca.

The present study was designed to investigate the time-course of neural activity underlying the disruption of response monitoring in patients with schizophrenia. Event-related brain potentials were recorded from 12 patients with schizophrenia and from 12 age-matched controls while they performed a computerized version of the Stroop color-naming task. In control participants, but not in patients with schizophrenia, intrusion errors elicited an error-related negativity (ERN) that peaked at ~40 ms after the response and was maximum over the central region of the scalp. Brain electrical source analysis revealed an anterior cingulate generator for the ERN. Patients also showed reduced error-related slowing of response time following intrusion errors. These findings provide neuro-physiological evidence indicating that deficits in error monitoring in schizophrenia arise from a disruption of error-detection processes, possibly attributable to anterior cingulate dysfunction.


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