Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 12, No. 6, 575-584,
June 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press
Inhibitory and Excitatory Responses of Single Neurons in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe during Recognition of Faces and Objects
1 Division of Neurosurgery and , 2 Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and , 3 Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Itzhak Fried, Division of Neurosurgery, Box 957039, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, USA. Email: ifried{at}mednet.ucla.edu.
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) plays a critical role in transforming complex stimuli into permanent memory traces, yet little is known on how the activity of neurons in the human brain mediates this process. Recording from single neurons in the human MTL during visual encoding and retrieval of faces and objects, we found that in the hippocampus faces evoked predominantly suppression of neuronal firing below prestimulus baseline (‘inhibitory responses’). These responses were also prevalent in the entorhinal cortex but were absent in the amygdala during the first second of stimulus encoding when all responses to faces were ‘excitatory’ (neuronal firing increased above the prestimulus baseline). Inhibitory responses were more prevalent during recognition than encoding and were also present during processing of objects, albeit less frequently than during processing of faces. Despite the prevalence in the hippocampus of cells with inhibitory responses and their relative specificity to faces, it was mainly the activity of the cells with excitatory responses that was selective for stimulus features such as gender and emotional expression of faces. These findings suggest that a large population of cells with inhibitory responses is engaged in the hippocampal memory network, but primarily cells with excitatory responses process feature-specific information.
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