Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 9, No. 6, 521-523,
September 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
Genetic Control of Cortical Development
Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Programs in Neuroscience, Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, 401 Parnassus Avenue, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94143-0984 and , 1 Section on Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM, C-319, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Introduction |
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The cerebral cortex is the highest achievement of biological evolution and the neural substrate of human mental abilities. Molecular biological techniques have opened the possibility of investigating how specific regulatory genes and morphoregulatory molecules mediate formation of this complex structure. During evolution, the cerebral cortex has undergone disproportionate growth relative to the rest of the brain [reviewed by Northcutt and Kaas (Northcutt and Kaas, 1995
)]. This increase predominately affected its surface area, rather than its thickness, and was accompanied by the addition and elaboration of functional subdivisions. Furthermore, the [deletion] region that has increased in size the most, the neocortex, acquired a characteristic laminar structure that is not readily apparent in the cortex of non-mammalian vertebrates. These changes in the size, complexity and histological organization of the cerebral cortex presumably reflect the elaboration of the cortical circuitry which ultimately endowed the human brain with its extraordinary capacity for reasoning |
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