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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on November 18, 2009
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp242
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Differential Expression of LIM-Homeodomain Factors in Cajal-Retzius Cells of Primates, Rodents, and Birds

Antonio Abellan1, Arnaud Menuet2, Colette Dehay3, Loreta Medina1 and Sylvie Rétaux2

1 Laboratory of Brain Development and Evolution, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida, 25008 Lleida, Spain, 2 Equipe Développement Evolution du Cerveau Antérieur, UPR2197-CNRS, Institut Alfred Fessard, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France, 3 Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau, INSERM U846, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I, 69676 Bron cedex, France

Address correspondence to Sylvie Rétaux, Equipe Développement Evolution du Cerveau Antérieur, UPR2197-CNRS, Institut Alfred Fessard, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France. Email: retaux{at}inaf.cnrs-gif.fr.

Reelin-expressing Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are among the earliest generated cells in the mammalian cerebral cortex and are believed to be crucial for both the development and the evolution of a laminated pattern in the pallial wall of the telencephalon. LIM-homeodomain (LIM-hd) transcription factors are expressed during brain development in a highly restricted and combinatorial manner, and they specify regional and cellular identity. We have investigated the expression of the LIM-hd members Lhx1/Lhx2/Lhx5/Lhx6/Lhx9 in the reelin-expressing cells, the pallium, and the regions of origin of CR cells including the cortical hem of 3 amniote species: the mouse, the chick, and the macaque monkey. We found major differences in the combinatorial LIM-hd expression in the marginal zone as well as in the hem. 1) Lhx5 is a "preferential LIM-hd" for CR cells in mammals but not expressed by these cells in chicks. 2) Lhx2 is expressed in the hem of the chick, whereas it is excluded from this region in mouse. 3) Whereas mouse CR cells express Lhx5/Lhx1, their monkey counterparts express 4 of these factors: Lhx1/Lhx2/Lhx5/Lhx9. We discuss our findings in evolutionary terms for the specification of the midline hem and CR cell type and the emergence of the cortical lamination pattern.

Key Words: cortex • evolution • LIM code • pallium • reelin

Antonio Abellan and Arnaud Menuet equally contributed to this work.


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