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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on November 11, 2009
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp196
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Distinct Temporospatial Interhemispheric Interactions in the Human Primary and Premotor Cortex during Movement Preparation

Gianpiero Liuzzi, Vanessa Hörniß, Julia Hoppe, Kirstin Heise, Maximo Zimerman, Christian Gerloff and Friedhelm C. Hummel

Brain Imaging and Neurostimulation Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Address correspondence to Dr Friedhelm C. Hummel. Email: f.hummel{at}uke.uni-hamburg.de.

The preparation of a voluntary unimanual action requires sequential processing in bihemispheric motor areas. In both animals and humans, activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) ipsilateral to the moving hand has been demonstrated to precede ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) activity. We investigated with double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation how right-hemispheric motor areas (rM1, rPMd) modulate left M1 (lM1) during the preparatory period of a finger movement with the dominant right hand. We tested the hypothesis that the influence of higher order motor areas such as rPMd on lM1 (rPMd-lM1) precedes interhemispheric interactions between homologue primary motor areas (rM1-lM1). rPMd-lM1 showed modulation in the early and late phase of movement preparation, whereas the intrinsic state of inhibition between rM1-lM1 was only modulated in the late phase. The present results complement existing hierarchical models of cortical movement control by demonstrating temporospatially distinct involvement of interhemispheric interactions from PMd and M1 during movement preparation.

Key Words: interhemispheric interaction • movement preparation • premotor cortex • primary motor cortex • transcranial magnetic stimulation


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