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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on October 5, 2009
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp183
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Does Brain Activity at Rest Reflect Adaptive Strategies? Evidence from Speech Processing after Cochlear Implantation

K. Strelnikov1,2, J. Rouger1,2, J.-F. Demonet3, S. Lagleyre4, B. Fraysse4, O. Deguine1,2,4 and P. Barone1,2

1 Université Toulouse, CerCo, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France, 2 CNRS, UMR 5549, Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, 31062 Toulouse, France, 3 INSERM Unit 825, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques, CHU Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France, 4 Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, Hopital Purpan, FR-31059 Toulouse, France

Address correspondence to Pascal Barone, PhD, CNRS-Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition UMR 5549, Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX9, France. Email: pascal.barone{at}cerco.ups-tlse.fr.

In functional neuroimaging studies, task-related activity refers to the signal difference between the stimulation and rest conditions. We asked whether long-term changes in the sensory environment may affect brain activity at rest. To answer this question, we compared regional cerebral blood flow between a group of normally hearing controls and a group of cochlear-implanted (CI) deaf patients. Here we present evidence that long-term alteration of auditory experience, such as profound deafness followed by partial auditory recuperation through cochlear implantation, leads to functional cortical reorganizations at rest. Without any visual or auditory stimulation, CI subjects showed changes of cerebral blood flow in the visual, auditory cortex, Broca area, and in the posterior temporal cortex with an increment of activity in these areas from the time of activation of the implant to less than a year after the implantation.

Key Words: audiovisual integration • brain plasticity • cochlear implant • rest condition • speech


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