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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on July 24, 2009
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp136
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Forelimb Muscle Representations and Output Properties of Motor Areas in the Mesial Wall of Rhesus Macaques

Marie-Hélène Boudrias1,3, Sang-Pil Lee1,2, Stan Svojanovsky1 and Paul D. Cheney1

1 Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, 2 Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, 3 Current address: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK

Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS 66160-7336, USA Address correspondence to email: pcheney{at}kumc.edu

In this study, forelimb organizations and output properties of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the dorsal cingulate motor area (CMAd) were assessed and compared with primary motor cortex (M1). Stimulus-triggered averages of electromyographic activity from 24 muscles of the forelimb were computed from layer V sites of 2 rhesus monkeys performing a reach-to-grasp task. No clear segregation of the forelimb representation of proximal and distal muscles was found in SMA. In CMAd, sites producing poststimulus effects in proximal muscles tended to be located caudal to distal muscle sites, although the number of effects was limited. For both SMA and CMAd, facilitation effects were more prevalent in distal than in proximal muscles. At an intensity of 60 µA, the mean latencies of M1 facilitation effects were 8 and 12.1 ms shorter and the magnitudes ~10 times greater than those from SMA and CMAd. Our results show that corticospinal neurons in SMA and CMAd provide relatively weak input to spinal motoneurons compared with the robust effects from M1. However, a small number of facilitation effects from SMA and CMAd had latencies as short as the shortest ones from M1 suggesting a minimum linkage to motoneurons as direct as that from M1.

Key Words: corticospinal neuron • EMG • forelimb • motor control • primate • supplementary motor area


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