Skip Navigation



Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on July 1, 2009
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp130
This Article
Right arrow Full Text Freely available
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Graham, S.
Right arrow Articles by McKenna, P. J.
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Graham, S.
Right arrow Articles by McKenna, P. J.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© 2009 The Authors
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

IQ-Related fMRI Differences during Cognitive Set Shifting

Steven Graham1,2, Jiaying Jiang1, Victoria Manning1, Ayna Baladi Nejad1, Koh Zhisheng1, Shan R. Salleh1, Xavier Golay3, Yeh Ing Berne4 and Peter J. McKenna5

1 Functional Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, 2 A*STAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, 3 Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK, 4 Raffles Diagnostica Pte Ltd, 02-00 Raffles Hospital, Singapore 188770, 5 Benito Menni, Complex Assistencial eu Salut Mental, Sant Boi de Llogrebat, Barcelona, Spain

Address correspondence to Steven Graham, PhD, Functional Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570. Email: psysg{at}nus.edu.sg.

This event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study compared neural correlates of executive function (cognitive set-shifting) in 28 healthy participants with either high (HIQ) or average (AIQ) intelligence. Despite comparable behavioral performance (except for slower reactions), the AIQ participants showed greater (especially prefrontal) activation during response selection; the HIQ participants showed greater activation (especially parietal) during feedback evaluation. HIQ participants appeared to engage cognitive resources to support more efficient strategies (planning during feedback in preparation for the upcoming response) which resulted in faster responses and less need for response inhibition and conflict resolution. Whether greater intelligence is associated with more or less brain activity (the "neural efficiency" debate) depends therefore on the specific component of the task being examined as well as the brain region recruited. One implication is that caution must be exercised when drawing conclusions from differences in activation between groups of individuals in whom IQ may differ (e.g., psychiatric vs. control samples).

Key Words: event-related • executive functioning • fMRI • intelligence • neural efficiency


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.