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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access published online on July 18, 2008
Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn116
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Functional Imaging of the Parietal Cortex during Action Execution and Observation

Mina N. Evangeliou1, Vassilis Raos1, Claudio Galletti2 and Helen E. Savaki1

1 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Crete and Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, Greece, 2 Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Generale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Address correspondence to Professor Helen E. Savaki, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. Email: savaki{at}med.uoc.gr.

We used the 14C-deoxyglucose method to map the functional activity in the cortex of the lateral and medial parietal convexity, the intraparietal and the parietoccipital sulci of monkeys which either reached and grasped a 3D-object or observed the same reaching-to-grasp movements executed by a human. Execution of reaching-to-grasp induced activations in the superior parietal areas SI-forelimb/convexity, PE, PE caudal (PEc); in the intraparietal areas PE intraparietal (PEip), medial intraparietal (MIP), 5 intraparietal posterior, ventral intraparietal (VIP), anterior intraparietal (AIP), lateral intraparietal dorsal; in the inferior parietal areas PF, PFG, PG; in the parietoccipital areas V6, V6A-dorsal; in the medial cortical areas PGm/7m and retrosplenial cortex. Observation of reaching-to-grasp activated areas SI-forelimb/convexity, PE lateral, PEc, PEip, MIP, VIP, AIP, PF, V6, PGm/7m, 31, and retrosplenial cortex. The common activations were stronger for execution than for observation and the interhemispheric differences were smaller for observation than for execution, contributing to the attribution of action to the correct agent. The extensive overlap of parietal networks activated for action execution and observation supports the "mental simulation theory" which assigns the role of understanding others’ actions to the entire distributed neural network responsible for the execution of actions, and not the concept of "mirroring" which reflects the function of a certain class of cells in a couple of cortical areas.

Key Words: action observation • grasping • intraparietal cortex • mental simulation • parietal lobule • parietoccipital cortex


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