Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 9, No. 8, 805-814,
December 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
The Effects of Age on the Neural Correlates of Episodic Encoding
Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Young and old adults underwent positron emission tomographic scans while encoding pictures of objects and words using three encoding strategies: deep processing (a semantic living/nonliving judgement), shallow processing (size judgement) and intentional learning. Picture memory exceeded word memory in both young and old groups, and there was an age-related decrement only in word recognition. During the encoding tasks three brain activity patterns were found that differentiated stimulus type and the different encoding strategies. The stimulus-specific pattern was characterized by greater activity in extrastriate and medial temporal cortices during picture encoding, and greater activity in left prefrontal and temporal cortices during encoding of words. The older adults showed this pattern to a significantly lesser degree. A pattern distinguishing deep processing from intentional learning of words and pictures was identified, characterized mainly by differences in prefrontal cortex, and this pattern also was of significantly lesser magnitude in the old group. A final pattern identified areas with increased activity during deep processing and intentional learning of pictures, including left prefrontal and bilateral medial temporal regions. There was no group difference in this pattern. These results indicate age-related dysfunction in several encoding networks, with sparing of one specifically involved in more elaborate encoding of pictures. These age-related changes appear to affect verbal memory more than picture memory.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. W. S. MacDonald, L. Nyberg, J. Sandblom, H. Fischer, and L. Backman Increased Response-time Variability is Associated with Reduced Inferior Parietal Activation during Episodic Recognition in Aging. J. Cogn. Neurosci., May 1, 2008; 20(5): 779 - 786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Gutchess, Y. Ieuji, and K. D. Federmeier Event-related Potentials Reveal Age Differences in the Encoding and Recognition of Scenes. J. Cogn. Neurosci., July 1, 2007; 19(7): 1089 - 1103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Sole-Padulles, D. Bartres-Faz, C. Junque, I. C. Clemente, J. L. Molinuevo, N. Bargallo, J. Sanchez-Aldeguer, B. Bosch, C. Falcon, and J. Valls-Sole Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Brain Function and Cognition among Elders with Memory Dysfunction. A Randomized Sham-Controlled Study Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1487 - 1493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Fridriksson, K. L. Morrow, D. Moser, and G. C. Baylis Age-Related Variability in Cortical Activity During Language Processing. J Speech Lang Hear Res, August 1, 2006; 49(4): 690 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Grady, M. V. Springer, D. Hongwanishkul, A. R. McIntosh, and G. Winocur Age-related Changes in Brain Activity across the Adult Lifespan. J. Cogn. Neurosci., February 1, 2006; 18(2): 227 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. N. Rajah and M. D'Esposito Region-specific changes in prefrontal function with age: a review of PET and fMRI studies on working and episodic memory Brain, September 1, 2005; 128(9): 1964 - 1983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. N. Rajah and A. R. McIntosh Overlap in the Functional Neural Systems Involved in Semantic and Episodic Memory Retrieval J. Cogn. Neurosci., March 1, 2005; 17(3): 470 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Gutchess, R. C. Welsh, T. Hedden, A. Bangert, M. Minear, L. L. Liu, and D. C. Park Aging and the Neural Correlates of Successful Picture Encoding: Frontal Activations Compensate for Decreased Medial-Temporal Activity J. Cogn. Neurosci., January 1, 2005; 17(1): 84 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Rossi, C. Miniussi, P. Pasqualetti, C. Babiloni, P. M. Rossini, and S. F. Cappa Age-Related Functional Changes of Prefrontal Cortex in Long-Term Memory: A Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study J. Neurosci., September 8, 2004; 24(36): 7939 - 7944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Hester, C. Fassbender, and H. Garavan Individual Differences in Error Processing: A Review and Reanalysis of Three Event-related fMRI Studies Using the GO/NOGO Task Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2004; 14(9): 986 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Maguire and C. D. Frith Aging affects the engagement of the hippocampus during autobiographical memory retrieval Brain, July 1, 2003; 126(7): 1511 - 1523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Bullmore, J. Suckling, F. Zelaya, C. Long, G. Honey, L. Reed, C. Routledge, V. Ng, P. Fletcher, J. Brown, et al. Practice and Difficulty Evoke Anatomically and Pharmacologically Dissociable Brain Activation Dynamics Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2003; 13(2): 144 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Morcom, C. D. Good, R. S. J. Frackowiak, and M. D. Rugg Age effects on the neural correlates of successful memory encoding Brain, January 1, 2003; 126(1): 213 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Della-Maggiore, A. B. Sekuler, C. L. Grady, P. J. Bennett, R. Sekuler, and A. R. McIntosh Corticolimbic Interactions Associated with Performance on a Short-Term Memory Task Are Modified by Age J. Neurosci., November 15, 2000; 20(22): 8410 - 8416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Buckner, A. Z. Snyder, A. L. Sanders, M. E. Raichle, and J. C. Morris Functional Brain Imaging of Young, Nondemented, and Demented Older Adults J. Cogn. Neurosci., November 1, 2000; 12(90002): 24S - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|