Cerebral Cortex, Vol 8, 719-729, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
C Trepel and RJ Racine
Neocortical preparations have proven highly resistant to the induction of
long-term potentiation (LTP), and we have only recently determined the
conditions sufficient for the induction of neocortical LTP in the adult,
freely moving rat. The stimulation trains must be spaced and repeated over
a period of days in order to reach asymptotic levels of potentiation. Here
we show that, within these constraints, the neocortex is actually highly
responsive. LTP could be induced with as few as one brief high frequency
train per day or with extremely low- intensity stimulation trains. We also
provide evidence for a critical role for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
receptor activation in LTP induction in this preparation, and demonstrate
that this LTP is input- specific. Control pathways showed no potentiation
effects. LTP was found in a monosynaptic and two polysynaptic components
(average latencies to peak: 8.1, 15.2 and 20.0 ms) and in the superimposed
population spikes. Although LTP could be induced with one train per day or
with low-intensity trains, larger and longer-lasting potentiation effects
could be induced by increasing the number of trains delivered per session,
the number of sessions over which trains were delivered, or the pulse
intensity of the trains. The LTP decayed slowly and was still evident 5
weeks later. Administration of the competitive NMDA antagonist
3-[(+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl]-propyl-1-phosphonic acid blocked the
induction of LTP in a dose-dependent fashion and appeared to unmask a
depression of both the population spikes and a polysynaptic component.
These results indicate that the neocortex is highly sensitive to LTP
induction procedures, as long as the stimulation trains are spaced and
applied over a period of days. They are also consistent with the view that
the neocortex must operate with a slow learning rate to reduce interference
effects in memory.
ARTICLES
Long-term potentiation in the neocortex of the adult, freely moving rat
Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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