Cerebral Cortex, Vol 7, 722-731, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
LS Krimer, TM Hyde, MM Herman and RC Saunders
The entorhinal cortex (ERC) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of
Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and other disorders affecting cognitive
functions. While powerful anatomical and histochemical methods
(immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, etc.) may be applied
(although with limitations) to postmortem human brain, each analysis should
utilize a cytoarchitectonic approach to provide appropriate comparisons
within the subdivisions of the ERC. Accordingly, we describe here the
normal cyto- and myeloarchitecture of the human ERC as a prerequisite for
the accompanying study of this region in schizophrenia. Our parcellation of
this cortex differs from previous treatments in three ways. First, we
adopted specific criteria of inclusion to define each subdivision of the
region. Although distinctive ERC features are most prominent in the
intermediate portion of this region, at least one of these features was
considered the minimum necessary criterion to include adjacent tissue in
the entorhinal area. Second, we used morphometric measurements (neuronal
size and density as well as subdivisional volume and laminar thickness) to
support our qualitative evaluation. Third, we have applied to the human ERC
the conventional cytoarchitectonic nomenclature of the entorhinal cortex
used previously in studies of non-human primates. This allows a more
accurate extrapolation of the available numerous experimental anatomical,
physiological and psychological data on this region to the human. As in the
monkey, the five main subareas were recognized in the human (prorhinal,
lateral, intermediate, sulcal and medial) but three required further
subdivision (intermediate, sulcal and medial). The morphometric results
obtained suggested a progression of the human entorhinal cortex from the
peripheral to the central subareas, with the intermediate subarea (281) as
the most complete entorhinal subdivision. Compared with non-human primates,
the human ERC not only retains the basic periallocortical organization but
also demonstrates further evolution. Taken together with available
experimental data on the connectivity of this brain region, these results
provide an anatomical basis for evaluating the ERC in human behavior.
ARTICLES
The entorhinal cortex: an examination of cyto- and myeloarchitectonic organization in humans
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, IRP, NIMH, NIH, Neuroscience Center at St Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, DC 20032, USA.
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