Cerebral Cortex, Vol 7, 510-522, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
AM Thomson and J Deuchars
Properties of local synaptic connections in neocortex, studied with dual
intracellular recordings in vitro and correlated with cell and synaptic
morphology are summarized. The different durations and sensitivities to
somatic membrane potential of pyramid-pyramid excitatory postsynaptic
potentials (EPSPs) apparently reflect the positions of the synapses on the
postsynaptic dendrites. Their time-, frequency- and voltage-dependent
properties enable supra-linear summation of several low-frequency inputs
arising in the same dendritic region, even if only loosely coincident, but
they depress during repetitive firing in any one input. Pyramidal input to
classical fast spiking and low threshold spiking interneurones are
strikingly different. Here low presynaptic firing rates results in many
transmission failures. EPSPs are brief and inputs must be near coincident
for summation. However, these synapses display pronounced.
frequency-dependent, incrementing facilitation at higher presynaptic
frequencies. Once initiated by a brief high-frequency burst, this
facilitation is maintained at lower frequencies. GABAA receptor- mediated
inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) arising proximally are of very
different durations depending on the type of interneurone activated and can
prevent and subsequently synchronize firing in their many postsynaptic
partners with very different delays (eg. 10-100 ms). Low threshold spiking
interneurones, in contrast, generate brief IPSPs only in more distal
dendritic regions and have little effect on somatic excitability acting to
shunt input distally.
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Synaptic interactions in neocortical local circuits: dual intracellular recordings in vitro
Department of Physiology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.
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