Cerebral Cortex, Vol 7, 465-471, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
T Klingberg, BT O'Sullivan and PE Roland
Working memory (WM) is known to activate the prefrontal cortex. In the
present study we hypothesized that when additional contingencies are added
to the instruction of a WM task, this would increase the WM load and result
in the activation of additional prefrontal areas. With positron emission
tomography we measured regional cerebral blood flow in nine subjects
performing a control task and two delayed matching to sample tasks, in
which the subjects were matching colours and patterns to a reference
picture. The second of the two delayed matching tasks had a more complex
instruction than the first, with additional contingencies of how to
alternate between the matching of colours and patterns. This task thus
required the subjects not only to remember a stimulus to match but also to
perform this matching according to a specified plan. Both delayed matching
tasks activated cortical fields in the middle frontal gyrus, the frontal
operculum, upper cingulate gyrus, inferior parietal cortex and cortex
lining the intraparietal sulcus, all in the left hemisphere. When
alternated delayed matching was compared to simple delayed matching,
increases were located in the right superior and middle frontal gyrus and
the right anterior inferior parietal cortex. The increased demand during
alternated matching thus resulted in bilateral activation of both
dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal cortex. The area in the
inferior parietal cortex has previously been coactivated with the
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in several WM tasks, irrespective of the
sensory modality of the stimuli, and during tasks involving planning.
ARTICLES
Bilateral activation of fronto-parietal networks by incrementing demand in a working memory task
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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