Cerebral Cortex, Vol 7, 347-358, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
Y Gonchar and A Burkhalter
In the cortex inhibition is mediated predominantly by GABAergic
interneurons. Although all of these neurons use the same neurotransmitter,
studies in the rat frontal cortex have shown that they are molecularly and
physiologically diverse. It is not known whether similar subgroups of
GABAergic neurons exist in primary visual cortex and how these different
inhibitory neurons are inserted into specific cortical circuits. We have
used immunostaining with antibodies against gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA),
parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), somatostatin (SOM), calbindin (CB) and
nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to probe for colocalization of known markers of
GABAergic interneurons. The results show that the majority of PV (100%),
SOM (89.8%) and CR (93.9%) staining neurons are GABA positive. PV
immunoreactive neurons constitute a distinct group that show no overlap
with CR, SOM and NOS expressing cells and only a minor overlap (5.3%) with
CB. PV immunoreactive cells account for 50.8% of GABAergic neurons. A
second group of SOM expressing neurons accounts for 16.9% of GABAergic
cells. None of these cells colocalize PV or CR, but 1.7% of SOM neurons
stain for NOS and 86.3% show CB immunoreactivity. The third distinct group
of CR expressing cells accounts for 17.0% of GABAergic neurons. All of
these are PV, CB, SOM and NOS negative. CB expressing neurons represent a
heterogeneous group that includes GABAergic and non- GABAergic cells. Our
findings indicate that GABAergic neurons in rat area 17 are organized in at
least three separate families that can be identified by the expression of
PV, CR and SOM. These cells account for 84.9% of GABAergic neurons. These
results extend previous observations in rat frontal agranular cortex and
suggest that in visual cortex the inhibitory network is composed of similar
cell types.
ARTICLES
Three distinct families of GABAergic neurons in rat visual cortex
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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