| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cerebral Cortex 1993; 3:273-289
© Oxford University Press 1993
Feature Article |
Neocortical Neuronal Diversity: Chemical Heterogeneity Revealed by Colocalization Studies of Classic Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides, Calcium-binding Proteins, and Cell Surface Molecules
Instituto Cajal Madrid, Spain
The use of immunocytochemical and histochemical methods to study colocalization of two or more chemical compounds in the same neuron has revealed that there is a great diversity of neocortical neurons. Neurons double stained for two or more substances are found in all layers, except in layer I, in all cortical areas and species studied so far, but there seem to be differences in the proportions and numbers of neurons double stained for a particular combination of substances between different species, and between cortical layers and cortical areas of the same species.
With few (though important) exceptions, the majority of classic neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, calciumbinding proteins, and cell surface molecules currently known to be present in the neocortex are localized mainly, if not exclusively, in smooth nonpyramidal cells. Therefore, chemical diversity of neurons in the neocortax is mainly a feature of the population of nonpyramidal cells. It seems clear that no combinations of double staining are found exclusively in a single morphological type of nonpyramidal neuron. However, in some species, certain combinations are found selectively in particular groups of smooth nonpyramidial neurons. Conversely, the same morphological type of neuron can display a variety of chemical characteristics depending on the species and cortical area and layer in which it is located. These studies have so far proved useful to characterize and identify cortical nouronal subpopulations and cortical circuits anatomically, but they probably have functional significance as well.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Hartwich, T. Pollak, and T. Klausberger Distinct Firing Patterns of Identified Basket and Dendrite-Targeting Interneurons in the Prefrontal Cortex during Hippocampal Theta and Local Spindle Oscillations J. Neurosci., July 29, 2009; 29(30): 9563 - 9574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Costa, O. Bucholz, T. Schroeder, and M. Gotz Late Origin of Glia-Restricted Progenitors in the Developing Mouse Cerebral Cortex Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2009; 19(suppl_1): i135 - i143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Watakabe, N. Ichinohe, S. Ohsawa, T. Hashikawa, Y. Komatsu, K. S. Rockland, and T. Yamamori Comparative Analysis of Layer-Specific Genes in Mammalian Neocortex Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2007; 17(8): 1918 - 1933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Ferezou, E. L. Hill, B. Cauli, N. Gibelin, T. Kaneko, J. Rossier, and B. Lambolez Extensive Overlap of Mu-Opioid and Nicotinic Sensitivity in Cortical Interneurons Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2007; 17(8): 1948 - 1957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. J. Urbano, E. Leznik, and R. R. Llinas Modafinil enhances thalamocortical activity by increasing neuronal electrotonic coupling PNAS, July 24, 2007; 104(30): 12554 - 12559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Liodis, M. Denaxa, M. Grigoriou, C. Akufo-Addo, Y. Yanagawa, and V. Pachnis Lhx6 Activity Is Required for the Normal Migration and Specification of Cortical Interneuron Subtypes J. Neurosci., March 21, 2007; 27(12): 3078 - 3089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Gallopin, H. Geoffroy, J. Rossier, and B. Lambolez Cortical Sources of CRF, NKB, and CCK and Their Effects on Pyramidal Cells in the Neocortex Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1440 - 1452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Halabisky, F. Shen, J. R. Huguenard, and D. A. Prince Electrophysiological Classification of Somatostatin-Positive Interneurons in Mouse Sensorimotor Cortex J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2006; 96(2): 834 - 845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Alvarez-Dolado, M. E. Calcagnotto, K. M. Karkar, D. G. Southwell, D. M. Jones-Davis, R. C. Estrada, J. L. R. Rubenstein, A. Alvarez-Buylla, and S. C. Baraban Cortical inhibition modified by embryonic neural precursors grafted into the postnatal brain. J. Neurosci., July 12, 2006; 26(28): 7380 - 7389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Takahata, Y. Komatsu, A. Watakabe, T. Hashikawa, S. Tochitani, and T. Yamamori Activity-dependent Expression of occ1 in Excitatory Neurons Is a Characteristic Feature of the Primate Visual Cortex Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2006; 16(7): 929 - 940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Toledo-Rodriguez, P. Goodman, M. Illic, C. Wu, and H. Markram Neuropeptide and calcium-binding protein gene expression profiles predict neuronal anatomical type in the juvenile rat J. Physiol., September 1, 2005; 567(2): 401 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Veldic, A. Guidotti, E. Maloku, J. M. Davis, and E. Costa In psychosis, cortical interneurons overexpress DNA-methyltransferase 1 PNAS, February 8, 2005; 102(6): 2152 - 2157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Blatow, A. Caputi, and H. Monyer Molecular diversity of neocortical GABAergic interneurones J. Physiol., January 1, 2005; 562(1): 99 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Lopez-Bendito, K. Sturgess, F. Erdelyi, G. Szabo, Z. Molnar, and O. Paulsen Preferential Origin and Layer Destination of GAD65-GFP Cortical Interneurons Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2004; 14(10): 1122 - 1133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Fonta, L. Negyessy, L. Renaud, and P. Barone Areal and Subcellular Localization of the Ubiquitous Alkaline Phosphatase in the Primate Cerebral Cortex: Evidence for a Role in Neurotransmission Cereb Cortex, June 1, 2004; 14(6): 595 - 609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Xu, I. Cobos, E. De La Cruz, J. L. Rubenstein, and S. A. Anderson Origins of Cortical Interneuron Subtypes J. Neurosci., March 17, 2004; 24(11): 2612 - 2622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Contreras and L. Palmer Response to Contrast of Electrophysiologically Defined Cell Classes in Primary Visual Cortex J. Neurosci., July 30, 2003; 23(17): 6936 - 6945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Xu, E. de la Cruz, and S. A. Anderson Cortical Interneuron Fate Determination: Diverse Sources for Distinct Subtypes? Cereb Cortex, June 1, 2003; 13(6): 670 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Xiang and D. A. Prince Heterogeneous Actions of Serotonin on Interneurons in Rat Visual Cortex J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2003; 89(3): 1278 - 1287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Grobin, E. J. Heenan, J. A. Lieberman, and A. L. Morrow Perinatal Neurosteroid Levels Influence GABAergic Interneuron Localization in Adult Rat Prefrontal Cortex J. Neurosci., March 1, 2003; 23(5): 1832 - 1839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. A. C. Petroff Book Review: GABA and Glutamate in the Human Brain Neuroscientist, December 1, 2002; 8(6): 562 - 573. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Preuss and G. Q. Coleman Human-specific Organization of Primary Visual Cortex: Alternating Compartments of Dense Cat-301 and Calbindin Immunoreactivity in Layer 4A Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2002; 12(7): 671 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, A. Gupta, M. Toledo-Rodriguez, C. Z. Wu, and H. Markram Anatomical, Physiological, Molecular and Circuit Properties of Nest Basket Cells in the Developing Somatosensory Cortex Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2002; 12(4): 395 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.F. Kritzer Regional, Laminar, and Cellular Distribution of Immunoreactivity for ER{alpha} and ER{beta} in the Cerebral Cortex of Hormonally Intact, Adult Male and Female Rats Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2002; 12(2): 116 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Stuhmer, L. Puelles, M. Ekker, and J. L.R. Rubenstein Expression from a Dlx Gene Enhancer Marks Adult Mouse Cortical GABAergic Neurons Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2002; 12(1): 75 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. A.C. Petroff, F. Hyder, D. L. Rothman, and R. H. Mattson Homocarnosine and seizure control in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and complex partial seizures Neurology, March 27, 2001; 56(6): 709 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Anderson, O Marin, C Horn, K Jennings, and J. Rubenstein Distinct cortical migrations from the medial and lateral ganglionic eminences Development, January 2, 2001; 128(3): 353 - 363. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Gupta, Y. Wang, and H. Markram Organizing Principles for a Diversity of GABAergic Interneurons and Synapses in the Neocortex Science, January 14, 2000; 287(5451): 273 - 278. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Wahle, T Gorba, M. Wirth, and K Obst-Pernberg Specification of neuropeptide Y phenotype in visual cortical neurons by leukemia inhibitory factor Development, January 5, 2000; 127(9): 1943 - 1951. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.D. Paspalas and G.C. Papadopoulos Noradrenergic Innervation of Peptidergic Interneurons in the Rat Visual Cortex Cereb Cortex, December 1, 1999; 9(8): 844 - 853. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Porter, E. Rizzo, and J.-P. Hornung Dopamine Affects Parvalbumin Expression during Cortical Development In Vitro J. Neurosci., October 15, 1999; 19(20): 8990 - 9003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Gitton, M. Cohen-Tannoudji, and M. Wassef Specification of Somatosensory Area Identity in Cortical Explants J. Neurosci., June 15, 1999; 19(12): 4889 - 4898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. K. Hensch, M. Fagiolini, N. Mataga, M. P. Stryker, S. Baekkeskov, and S. F. Kash Local GABA Circuit Control of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in Developing Visual Cortex Science, November 20, 1998; 282(5393): 1504 - 1508. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Alcantara, M. Ruiz, G. D'Arcangelo, F. Ezan, L. de Lecea, T. Curran, C. Sotelo, and E. Soriano Regional and Cellular Patterns of reelin mRNA Expression in the Forebrain of the Developing and Adult Mouse J. Neurosci., October 1, 1998; 18(19): 7779 - 7799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Grobin and A. Y. Deutch Dopaminergic Regulation of Extracellular gamma -Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Rat J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 1998; 285(1): 350 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Anderson, D. D. Eisenstat, L. Shi, and J. L. Rubenstein Interneuron Migration from Basal Forebrain to Neocortex: Dependence on Dlx Genes Science, October 17, 1997; 278(5337): 474 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. de Lecea, J. A. del Rio, J. R. Criado, S. Alcantara, M. Morales, P. E. Danielson, S. J. Henriksen, E. Soriano, and J. G. Sutcliffe Cortistatin Is Expressed in a Distinct Subset of Cortical Interneurons J. Neurosci., August 1, 1997; 17(15): 5868 - 5880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Lewis Neural Circuitry of the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 1995; 52(4): 269 - 273. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|