Cerebral Cortex 1993; 3:223-238
© Oxford University Press 1993
research-article |
Heterogeneous Targets of Dopamine Synapses in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex Demonstrated by Serial Section Electron Microscopy: A Laminar Analysis Using the Silver-enhanced Diaminobenzidine Sulfide (SEDS) Immunolabeling Technique
Section of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut 06510
Dopamine projections to the cerebral cortex have been implicated in normal and pathological cognitive processes, notably, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. To help elucidate the function of these dopamine axons, they were characterized by serial section electron microscopy in individual layers of monkey prefrontal cortex. Dopamine immunoreactivity was visualized with a silver precipitation technique that allowed clear resolution of the internal structures and cell membranes of labeled axons. Apart from the occasional large microtubule-filled axon, dopamine axons were thin and varicose with many clear synaptic vesicles and fewer densecore vesicles. With few exceptions, dopamine synapses were symmetric and quite small, seen in only one to three serial sections. A determination of the "synaptic incidence" showed that only 39% of labeled varicosities formed identifiable synapses. However, it is certain that some small synapses could not be visualized even in serial sections, and it is possible that the vast majority if not all varicosities form synapses. Except for one soma, dendritic spines and shafts were the recipients of dopamine synapses. Many postsynaptic shafts were small and spiny, indicating that they were distal pyramidal dendrites. However, some postsynaptic shafts especially in supragranular layers had distinctly nonpyramidal features. These lacked spines, had a high density of synaptic inputs, and often had a strikingly varicose morphology. The data suggest that the majority of dopamine synapses in all layers are on pyramidal cells, but that a significant fraction are on presumed GA-BAergic nonpyramidal cells.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Tanji and E. Hoshi Role of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Executive Behavioral Control Physiol Rev, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 37 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Robbins and A. Roberts Differential Regulation of Fronto-Executive Function by the Monoamines and Acetylcholine Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2007; 17(suppl_1): i151 - i160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. K. Dash, A. N. Moore, N. Kobori, and J. D. Runyan Molecular activity underlying working memory Learn. Mem., August 9, 2007; 14(8): 554 - 563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Benavides-Piccione, J. I. Arellano, and J. DeFelipe Catecholaminergic Innervation of Pyramidal Neurons in the Human Temporal Cortex Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2005; 15(10): 1584 - 1591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Petrie, D. Schmidt, M. Bubser, J. Fadel, R. E. Carraway, and A. Y. Deutch Neurotensin Activates GABAergic Interneurons in the Prefrontal Cortex J. Neurosci., February 16, 2005; 25(7): 1629 - 1636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Paspalas and P. S. Goldman-Rakic Microdomains for Dopamine Volume Neurotransmission in Primate Prefrontal Cortex J. Neurosci., June 9, 2004; 24(23): 5292 - 5300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Young and C. R. Yang Dopamine D1/D5 Receptor Modulates State-Dependent Switching of Soma-Dendritic Ca2+ Potentials via Differential Protein Kinase A and C Activation in Rat Prefrontal Cortical Neurons J. Neurosci., January 7, 2004; 24(1): 8 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Melchitzky and D. A. Lewis Pyramidal Neuron Local Axon Terminals in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex: Differential Targeting of Subclasses of GABA Neurons Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2003; 13(5): 452 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. W. Awenowicz and L. L. Porter Local Application of Dopamine Inhibits Pyramidal Tract Neuron Activity in the Rodent Motor Cortex J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 3439 - 3451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Gulledge and D. B. Jaffe Multiple Effects of Dopamine on Layer V Pyramidal Cell Excitability in Rat Prefrontal Cortex J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2001; 86(2): 586 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Henze, G. R. Gonzalez-Burgos, N. N. Urban, D. A. Lewis, and G. Barrionuevo Dopamine Increases Excitability of Pyramidal Neurons in Primate Prefrontal Cortex J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2000; 84(6): 2799 - 2809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. K. Lambe, L. S. Krimer, and P. S. Goldman-Rakic Differential Postnatal Development of Catecholamine and Serotonin Inputs to Identified Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex of Rhesus Monkey J. Neurosci., December 1, 2000; 20(23): 8780 - 8787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. M. Benes, J. B. Taylor, and M. C. Cunningham Convergence and Plasticity of Monoaminergic Systems in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex during the Postnatal Period: Implications for the Development of Psychopathology Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2000; 10(10): 1014 - 1027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Carr, P. O'Donnell, J. P. Card, and S. R. Sesack Dopamine Terminals in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex Synapse on Pyramidal Cells that Project to the Nucleus Accumbens J. Neurosci., December 15, 1999; 19(24): 11049 - 11060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Durstewitz, M. Kelc, and O. Gunturkun A Neurocomputational Theory of the Dopaminergic Modulation of Working Memory Functions J. Neurosci., April 1, 1999; 19(7): 2807 - 2822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F.-M. Zhou and J. J. Hablitz Dopamine Modulation of Membrane and Synaptic Properties of Interneurons in Rat Cerebral Cortex J Neurophysiol, March 1, 1999; 81(3): 967 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. Muly III, K. Szigeti, and P. S. Goldman-Rakic D1 Receptor in Interneurons of Macaque Prefrontal Cortex: Distribution and Subcellular Localization J. Neurosci., December 15, 1998; 18(24): 10553 - 10565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Grobin and A. Y. Deutch Dopaminergic Regulation of Extracellular gamma -Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Rat J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 1998; 285(1): 350 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Sesack, V. A. Hawrylak, C. Matus, M. A. Guido, and A. I. Levey Dopamine Axon Varicosities in the Prelimbic Division of the Rat Prefrontal Cortex Exhibit Sparse Immunoreactivity for the Dopamine Transporter J. Neurosci., April 1, 1998; 18(7): 2697 - 2708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Nimchinsky, P. R. Hof, W. G. M. Janssen, J. H. Morrison, and C. Schmauss Expression of Dopamine D3 Receptor Dimers and Tetramers in Brain and in Transfected Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 14, 1997; 272(46): 29229 - 29237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Sawaguchi Attenuation of Preparatory Activity for Reaching Movements by a D1-Dopamine Antagonist in the Monkey Premotor Cortex J Neurophysiol, October 1, 1997; 78(4): 1769 - 1774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Moghaddam, B. Adams, A. Verma, and D. Daly Activation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission by Ketamine: A Novel Step in the Pathway from NMDA Receptor Blockade to Dopaminergic and Cognitive Disruptions Associated with the Prefrontal Cortex J. Neurosci., April 15, 1997; 17(8): 2921 - 2927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. B. Knable and D. R. Weinberger Dopamine, the prefrontal cortex and schizophrenia J Psychopharmacol, January 1, 1997; 11(2): 123 - 131. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. T. Arnsten Catecholamine regulation of the prefrontal cortex J Psychopharmacol, January 1, 1997; 11(2): 151 - 162. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. Goldman-Rakic Regional and cellular fractionation of working memory PNAS, November 26, 1996; 93(24): 13473 - 13480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|