Cerebral Cortex 1993; 3:199-222
© Oxford University Press 1993
research-article |
Characterization of the Dopaminergic Innervation of the Primate Frontal Cortex Using a Dopamine-specific Antibody
Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut 06510
The meseneephalic dopaminergic system has been implicated in the motor and cognitive operations of the cerebral cortex as well as in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, to date, the dopamine (DA)-containing axons of the primate cerebral cortex have not been directly visualized immuno-histochemically due to the lack of a DA-specific antibody. We have now analyzed the regional and laminar distribution of DA-immunoreactive (DA-IR) afferent in the frontal cortex of the rhesus monkey using a monoclonal antibody specific for DA. In addition, we compared the distribution of DA-IR processes to tyrosine hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme in DA synthesis immunoreactive (TH-IR) axons.
Frontal cortex displays an elaborate and robust dopaminergic innervation. Although regional differences in the DA-IR innervation were clearly evident variations in the DA innervation were essentially unrelated to cytoarchitectonic boundaries. Instead, the DA innervation followed two basic gradients: (1) a prominent medial-to-lateral gradient of decreasing fiber density that was most prominent in the dorsal cortical regions, and (2) a more subtle anterior-posterior gradient in which DA-IR fiber density decreased slightly in both rostral and caudal directions from a peak density centered in the region of granular frontal area 8Bm and the supplementary motor area 6M. The laminar pattern of DA-IR axons also showed regional variations that again were typified by smooth transitions irrespective of cytoar-chitecture.
Analysis of DA-IR axonal morphology indicated that immunoreactive fibers form a basically uniform population, giving little evidence of a bimodal heterogeneity evident in other species. In general, the morphology and regional and laminar distribution of DA-IR axons are similar to those of TH-IR processes, although subtle differences suggest that TH antibodies may label an additional non-dopaminergic population of axons in the neocortex.
Our results demonstrate that the characteristics of the DA innervation of the primate frontal cortex are governed by regional topographic gradients and do not strictly obey cytoarchitectonic boundaries. The widespread distribution of DA axons in the primate frontal lobe suggests that the midbrain dopaminergic system is capable of extensive parallel modulation of multiple cortical areas and cellular elements involved in motor and mnemonic processes.
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