Cerebral Cortex 1992; 2:435-443
© Oxford University Press 1992
research-article |
Functional Heterogeneity in Cingulate Cortex: The Anterior Executive and Posterior Evaluative Regions
1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103, 2 Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90024, 3 Department of Anatomy, College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Correspondence should be addressed to Brent A. Vogt, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083
The cingulate gyrus is a major part of the "anatomical limbic system" and, according to classic accounts, is involved in emotion. This view is oversimplified in light of recent clinical and experimental findings that cingulate cortex participates not only in emotion but also in sensory, motor, and cognitive processes. Anterior cingulate cortex, consisting of areas 25 and 24, has been implicated in visceromotor, skeletomotor, and endocrine outflow. These processes include responses to painful stimuli, maternal behavior, vocalization, and attention to action. Since all of these activities have an affective component, it is likely that connections with the amygdale are critical for them. In contrast, posterior cingulate cortex, consisting of areas 29, 30, 23, and 31, contains neurons that monitor eye movements and respond to sensory stimuli. Ablation studies suggest that this region is involved in spatial orientation and memory. It is likely that connections between posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortices contribute to these processes. We conclude that there is a fundamental dichotomy between the functions of anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. The anterior cortex subserves primarily executive functions related to the emotional control of visceral, skeletal, and endocrine outflow. The posterior cortex subserves evaluative functions such as monitoring sensory events and the organism's own behavior in the service of spatial orientation and memory.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M.-S. Koo, J. J. Levitt, D. F. Salisbury, M. Nakamura, M. E. Shenton, and R. W. McCarley A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cingulate Gyrus Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in First-Episode Schizophrenia and First-Episode Affective Psychosis Arch Gen Psychiatry, July 1, 2008; 65(7): 746 - 760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Tsujimoto, H. Shimazu, and Y. Isomura Direct Recording of Theta Oscillations in Primate Prefrontal and Anterior Cingulate Cortices J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2006; 95(5): 2987 - 3000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Grady, M. V. Springer, D. Hongwanishkul, A. R. McIntosh, and G. Winocur Age-related Changes in Brain Activity across the Adult Lifespan. J. Cogn. Neurosci., February 1, 2006; 18(2): 227 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. L. Dean and M. L. Platt Allocentric Spatial Referencing of Neuronal Activity in Macaque Posterior Cingulate Cortex J. Neurosci., January 25, 2006; 26(4): 1117 - 1127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Bush, B. A. Vogt, J. Holmes, A. M. Dale, D. Greve, M. A. Jenike, and B. R. Rosen Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making PNAS, December 21, 2001; (2001) 12470999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Bush, B. A. Vogt, J. Holmes, A. M. Dale, D. Greve, M. A. Jenike, and B. R. Rosen Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making PNAS, January 8, 2002; 99(1): 523 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Beauregard, J. Levesque, and P. Bourgouin Neural Correlates of Conscious Self-Regulation of Emotion J. Neurosci., September 15, 2001; 21(18): RC165 - RC165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|