Cerebral Cortex 1992; 2:375-388
© Oxford University Press 1992
research-article |
Varieties of Functional Deficits in Prosopagnosia
Montreal Neurological Institute Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada and Hôpital de Ia Salpêtrière, Paris, France
Prosopagnosia is a neurologically based deficit characterized by the inability to recognize faces of known individuals in the absence of severe intellectual, per ceptual, and memory impairments. The nature of the underlying disturbance was investigated in three patients in an attempt to identify the structural and functional levels at which the processing of faces breaks down, the relation between prosopagnosia and asso ciated deficits, and the specificity of the prosopagnosic disturbance. The breakdown of face processing resulted from unilateral damage in different cerebral structures of the right hemisphere in the three patients, and it involved different functional levels of face processing, but all three patients displayed perceptual impairments of unequal severity. In one patient (R.M.), the deficit encompassed all perceptual operations on faces, including matching identical views of the same faces, but it did not extend to all categories of objects characterized by a close similarity among their instances; the second patient (P.M.) exhibited a less severe perceptual impairment but was unable to derive the configurational properties from a facial representation and to extract its physiognomic invariants; the third patient (P.C.) had not lost the capacity to differentiate faces on the basis of their configurations but could not associate a facial representation with its pertinent memories. Associated deficits were present in each patient but differed de pending on the anatomofunctional locus of the break down, although all patients were impaired at recognizing noncanonical views of objects that they readily recog nized when shown from a conventional viewpoint. How ever, performance dissociation within patients and dou ble dissociation between patients suggest that these associated deficits are not necessary concomitants of prosopagnosia.
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