Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on October 20, 2008
Cerebral Cortex 2009 19(5):1064-1078; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn156
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Comparison of Associative Learning-Related Signals in the Macaque Perirhinal Cortex and Hippocampus
1 Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA, 2 Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron 69675, France, 3 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, 4 Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114-2698, USA, 5 Department of Brian and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, 6 Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Address correspondence to Wendy A. Suzuki, PhD, Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place Room 809, New York, NY 10003, USA. Email: wendy{at}cns.nyu.edu.
Strong evidence suggests that the macaque monkey perirhinal cortex is involved in both the initial formation as well as the long-term storage of associative memory. To examine the neurophysiological basis of associative memory formation in this area, we recorded neural activity in this region as monkeys learned new conditional-motor associations. We report that a population of perirhinal neurons signal newly learned associations by changing their firing rate correlated with the animal's behavioral learning curve. Individual perirhinal neurons signal learning of one or more associations concurrently and these neural changes could occur before, at the same time, or after behavioral learning was expressed. We also compared the associative learning signals in the perirhinal cortex to our previous findings in the hippocampus. We report global similarities in both the learning-related and task-related activity seen across these areas as well as clear differences in the within and across trial timing and relative proportion of different subtypes of learning-related signals. Taken together, these findings emphasize the important role of the perirhinal cortex in new associative learning and suggest that the perirhinal cortex together with the hippocampus contribute importantly to conditional-motor associative memory formation.
Key Words: changing cells • conditional-motor associations • electrophysiology • medial temporal lobe • primates • stimulus–response learning
7 Current address: Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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