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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on October 1, 2008
Cerebral Cortex 2009 19(5):1028-1041; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn145
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

DCX and PSA-NCAM Expression Identifies a Population of Neurons Preferentially Distributed in Associative Areas of Different Pallial Derivatives and Vertebrate Species

Federico Luzzati1, Luca Bonfanti2,3,4, Aldo Fasolo1,3,4 and Paolo Peretto1,3

1 Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10153 Turin, Italy, 2 Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy, 3 Neuroscience Institute of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy, 4 Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10125 Turin, Italy

Address correspondence to email: federico.luzzati{at}unito.it.

In adult rodents, doublecortin (DCX) and polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) expression is mostly restricted to newly generated neurons. These molecules have also been described in prenatally generated cells of the piriform cortex and, to a lesser extent, neocortex (NC) of the rat. In addition, PSA-NCAM+ cells have been identified in several telencephalic regions of the lizard. Here, through immunohistochemistry and 3-dimensional reconstruction, we have investigated distribution, morphology, and phenotype of DCX/PSA-NCAM–expressing cells in the pallium of different mammals and in lizard. In all species, a population of nonnewly-generated pallial DCX+/PSA-NCAM+ cells shows common morphological and phenotypic characteristics, including expression of Tbr-1, a transcription factor expressed in pallial projection neurons, and preferential distribution in associative areas. In the guinea pig and rabbit, DCX+/PSA-NCAM+ elements are also abundant in the NC, particularly in areas implicated in nonspatial learning and memory networks. In reptiles, DCX+/PSA-NCAM+ cells are located in the lateral and medial cortex and dorsal ventricular ridge but not in the dorsal cortex. These data support the fact that coexpression of DCX+/PSA-NCAM+/Tbr-1+ in the adult brain identifies evolutionary conserved cell populations shared by different pallial derivatives including the mammalian NC.

Key Words: evolution • extraverted neurons • lizard • neocortex • neurogenesis • piriform cortex • plasticity


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