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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on May 22, 2008
Cerebral Cortex 2009 19(2):293-304; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn084
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Error-Related Negativity is Mediated by Fractional Anisotropy in the Posterior Cingulate Gyrus—A Study Combining Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Electrophysiology in Healthy Adults

Lars T. Westlye1, Kristine B. Walhovd1,2, Atle Bjørnerud3,4, Paulina Due-Tønnessen5 and Anders M. Fjell1,2

1 Center for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway, 2 Department of Neuropsychology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo 0317, Norway, 3 Department of Medical Physics and the Interventional Centre, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo 0317, Norway, 4 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway, 5 Department of Radiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo 0317, Norway

Address correspondence to Lars T. Westlye, Cand Psychol, Center for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. Email: l.t.westlye{at}psykologi.uio.no.

White matter (WM) is critical to cognitive function and brain activity. The objective of the present study was to test whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived WM measures are related to the cognitive event-related potential error-related negativity (ERN). Eighty-seven healthy middle-aged adults underwent DTI scanning and electrophysiological recordings while doing a version of the Eriksen flanker task. ERN was elicited in error trials. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated based on the DTI scans. FA indexes degree of anisotropic diffusion in every voxel, and is assumed related to the integrity of myelinated fiber bundles. The principal neuronal generator for ERN is located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Hence, the relationship between FA in the cingulum bundle and ERN amplitude was tested. It was found that FA in the left posterior cingulate correlated with ERN. Eigenvalue analyses revealed that radial diffusivity was responsible for the FA effect. ERN amplitude predicted response accuracy in the Flanker task, suggesting that electrophysiological measures are intermediate explanatory variables connecting DTI indices of WM organization, synchronization of large cell assemblies, and behavior.

Key Words: event-related potentials • error processing • MRI • tract-based spatial statistics • white matter integrity


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