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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on May 2, 2008
Cerebral Cortex 2009 19(1):176-186; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn068
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© 2008 The Authors
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Visuokinesthetic Perception of Hand Movement is Mediated by Cerebro–Cerebellar Interaction between the Left Cerebellum and Right Parietal Cortex

Nobuhiro Hagura1,2,7, Yutaka Oouchida1,3, Yu Aramaki4,5, Tomohisa Okada4, Michikazu Matsumura1, Norihiro Sadato4,6 and Eiichi Naito1,3,5

1 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, 2 The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan, 3 Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan, 4 National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, 5 National Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Research Department 1, Kobe Advanced ICT Research Center, Biophysical ICT Group, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan, 6 Japan Science and Technology Corporation/Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan

Address correspondence to: Eiichi Naito, PhD, National Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Research Department 1, Kobe Advanced ICT Research Center, Biophysical ICT Group, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan. Email: enaito{at}atr.jp.

Combination of visual and kinesthetic information is essential to perceive bodily movements. We conducted behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments to investigate the neuronal correlates of visuokinesthetic combination in perception of hand movement. Participants experienced illusory flexion movement of their hand elicited by tendon vibration while they viewed video-recorded flexion (congruent: CONG) or extension (incongruent: INCONG) motions of their hand. The amount of illusory experience was graded by the visual velocities only when visual information regarding hand motion was concordant with kinesthetic information (CONG). The left posterolateral cerebellum was specifically recruited under the CONG, and this left cerebellar activation was consistent for both left and right hands. The left cerebellar activity reflected the participants' intensity of illusory hand movement under the CONG, and we further showed that coupling of activity between the left cerebellum and the "right" parietal cortex emerges during this visuokinesthetic combination/perception. The "left" cerebellum, working with the anatomically connected high-order bodily region of the "right" parietal cortex, participates in online combination of exteroceptive (vision) and interoceptive (kinesthesia) information to perceive hand movement. The cerebro–cerebellar interaction may underlie updating of one's "body image," when perceiving bodily movement from visual and kinesthetic information.

Key Words: cerebro–cerebellar interaction • functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) • kinesthesia • limb movement • multisensory • tendon vibration

7 Current address: National Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Research Department 1, Kobe Advanced ICT Research Center, Biophysical ICT Group, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan


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