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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on December 24, 2007
Cerebral Cortex 2008 18(9):1987-1990; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm237
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Feature Article

Studying the Neurobiology of Social Interaction with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation—The Example of Punishing Unfairness

Daria Knoch1,2,3, Michael A. Nitsche4, Urs Fischbacher1, Christoph Eisenegger1, Alvaro Pascual-Leone5 and Ernst Fehr1,3

1 Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland, 2 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland, 3 Collegium Helveticum, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland, 4 Department Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, 37099 Goettingen, Germany, 5 Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA

Address correspondence to email: dknoch{at}iew.uzh.ch.

Studying social behavior often requires the simultaneous interaction of many subjects. As yet, however, no painless, noninvasive brain stimulation tool existed that allowed the simultaneous affection of brain processes in many interacting subjects. Here we show that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can overcome these limits. We apply right prefrontal cathodal tDCS and show that subjects’ propensity to punish unfair behavior is reduced significantly.

Key Words: brain stimulation technique • prefrontal cortex • social interaction • transcranial direct current stimulation

The first 2 authors equally contributed to this work.


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