Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on June 21, 2007
Cerebral Cortex 2008 18(2):451-455; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm088
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Lie-Specific Involvement of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Deception
1 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena 20122, Italy, 2 Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
Address correspondence to Prof. Alberto Priori, Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, V. F. Sforza 35 Milano, 20122 Italy. Email: alberto.priori{at}unimi.it
Lies are intentional distortions of event knowledge. No experimental data are available on manipulating lying processes. To address this issue, we stimulated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Fifteen healthy volunteers were tested before and after tDCS (anodal, cathodal, and sham). Two types of truthful (truthful selected: TS; truthful unselected: TU) and deceptive (lie selected: LS; lie unselected: LU) responses were evaluated using a computer-controlled task. Reaction times (RTs) and accuracy were collected and used as dependent variables. In the baseline task, the RT was significantly longer for lie responses than for true responses ([mean ± standard error] 1153.4 ± 42.0 ms vs. 1039.6 ± 36.6 ms; F1,14 = 27.25, P = 0.00013). At baseline, RT for selected pictures was significantly shorter than RT for unselected pictures (1051.26 ± 39.0 ms vs. 1141.76 ± 41.1 ms; F1,14 = 34.85, P = 0.00004). Whereas after cathodal and sham stimulation, lie responses remained unchanged (cathodal 5.26 ± 2.7%; sham 5.66 ± 3.6%), after anodal tDCS, RTs significantly increased but did so only for LS responses (16.86 ± 5.0%; P = 0.002). These findings show that manipulation of brain function with DLPFC tDCS specifically influences experimental deception and that distinctive neural mechanisms underlie different types of lies.
Key Words: deception • frontal cortex • human • lies • tDCS
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