Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on November 16, 2006
Cerebral Cortex 2007 17(9):2143-2150; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl122
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Differential Contributions of Prefrontal, Medial Temporal, and Sensory-Perceptual Regions to True and False Memory Formation
1 Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Daegu University, Daegu 705-714, South Korea, 2 Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0999, USA
Address correspondence to Prof. Hongkeun Kim, Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Daegu University, Daemyung3-Dong 2288, Nam-Gu, Daegu 705-714, South Korea. Email: hongkn{at}daegu.ac.kr.
The neural correlates of true memory formation (TMF) and false memory formation (FMF) were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using a parametric subsequent memory paradigm, encoding activity was analyzed as a function of whether it predicted subsequent hits to targets (TMF activity) or subsequent false alarms to critical lures (FMF activity). The fMRI analyses yielded 3 main findings. First, the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) was involved in both TMF and FMF activities. This finding is consistent with the evidence that semantic elaboration, which has been associated with left PFC, tends to enhance both true and false remembering. Second, the left posterior medial temporal lobes (MTLs) contributed to TMF but not to FMF activity. This finding is consistent with the notion that MTL is involved in the storage of a consciously, but not unconsciously, processed event. Third, late visual regions were engaged in both TMF and FMF activities, whereas early visual areas were involved primarily in TMF activity. This dissociation indicates that elaborative perceptual processing, but not basic sensory processing, contributes to false remembering. Taken together, the results suggest that FMF is an unintended consequence, or by-product, of elaborative semantic and visual encoding processes.
Key Words: false memory • fMRI • human memory • medial temporal lobe • prefrontal cortex • subsequent memory
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