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Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on November 6, 2006
Cerebral Cortex 2007 17(9):2007-2018; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl109
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Reduced Neocortical Thickness and Complexity Mapped in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis

Jack J. Lin1, Noriko Salamon2, Agatha D. Lee3, Rebecca A. Dutton3, Jennifer A. Geaga3, Kiralee M. Hayashi3, Eileen Luders3, Arthur W. Toga3, Jerome Engel, Jr1,4,5 and Paul M. Thompson3

1 Department of Neurology, 2 Department of Radiology, 3 Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Brain Mapping Division, 4 Department of Neurobiology, 5 Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

Address correspondence to Jack J. Lin, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Dr. South, Bldg. 22C, 2nd Floor, Rt. 13, Orange, CA 92868, USA. Email: linjj{at}uci.edu.

We mapped the profile of neocortical thickness and complexity in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and hippocampal sclerosis. Thirty preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 15 right (mean age: 31.9 ± 9.7 standard deviation [SD] years) and 15 left (mean age: 30.8 ± 8.4 SD years) MTLE patients who were seizure-free for 2 years after anteriomesial temporal resection. Nineteen healthy controls were also scanned (mean age: 24.8 ± 3.9 SD years). A cortical pattern matching technique mapped thickness across the entire neocortex. Mesial temporal structures were not included in this analysis. Cortical models were remeshed in frequency space to compute their fractal dimension (surface complexity). Both MTLE groups showed up to 30% bilateral decrease in cortical thickness, in the frontal poles, frontal operculum, orbitofrontal, lateral temporal, and occipital regions. In both groups, cortical complexity was decreased in multiple lobar regions. Significant linkages were found relating longer duration of epilepsy to greater cortical thickness reduction in the superior frontal and parahippocampal gyrus ipsilateral to the side of seizure onset. The pervasive extrahippocampal structural deficits may result from chronic seizure propagation or may reflect other causes such as initial precipitating factors leading to MTLE.

Key Words: brain-mapping • cortical complexity • cortical thickness • mesial temporal lobe epilepsy • MRI


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