Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on January 25, 2006
Cerebral Cortex 2007 17(1):37-43; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj122
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Neural Correlates of Rule-Based and Information-Integration Visual Category Learning
1 Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, 2 Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, 3 Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA, 4 Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA, 5 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA, 6 Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, 7 Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
Address correspondence to Paul J. Reber, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. Email: preber{at}northwestern.edu.
An emerging theory of the neurobiology of category learning postulates that there are separate neural systems supporting the learning of categories based on verbalizeable rules (RB) or through implicit information integration (II). The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is thought to play a crucial role in successful RB categorization, whereas the posterior regions of the caudate are hypothesized to support II categorization. Functional neuroimaging was used to assess activity in these systems during category-learning tasks with category structures designed to afford either RB or II learning. Successful RB categorization was associated with relatively increased activity in the anterior MTL. Successful II categorization was associated with increased activity in the caudate body. The dissociation observed with neuroimaging is consistent with the roles of these systems in memory and dissociations reported in patient populations. Convergent evidence from these approaches consistently reinforces the idea of multiple neural systems supporting category learning.
Key Words: category learning • caudate • explicit • fMRI • implicit • medial temporal lobe
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