Cerebral Cortex Advance Access originally published online on September 8, 2005
Cerebral Cortex 2006 16(7):941-948; doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj035
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Evidence for Corticofugal Modulation of Peripheral Auditory Activity in Humans
1 Service d'Audiologie et Explorations Orofaciales, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France, 2 Laboratoire ‘Neurosciences & Systèmes Sensoriels’, CNRS UMR 5020, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 50 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France, 3 Service de Neurologie Fonctionnelle et d'Épileptologie, Hôpital Neurologique et Neurochirurgical, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France, 4 Service de Neurochirurgie Fonctionnelle (Pr M. Sindou), Hôpital Neurologique et Neurochirurgical, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France and 5 Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon, IFR 19, Bâtiment B13, Hôpital Neurologique et Neurochirurgical, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
Address correspondence to Xavier Perrot, Service d'Audiologie et Explorations Orofaciales, Pavillon 3A, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, F-69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France. Email: xavier.perrot{at}chu-lyon.fr.
Active cochlear micromechanisms, involved in auditory sensitivity, are modulated by the medial olivocochlear efferent system, which projects directly onto the organ of Corti. Both processes can be assessed non-invasively by means of evoked otoacoustic emissions. Animal experiments have revealed top-down control from the auditory cortex to peripheral auditory receptor, supported by anatomical descriptions of descending auditory pathways from auditory areas to the medial olivocochlear efferent system and organ of Corti. Through recording of evoked otoacoustic emissions during presurgical functional brain mapping for refractory epilepsy, we showed that corticofugal modulation of peripheral auditory activity also exists in humans. In 10 epileptic patients, electrical stimulation of the contralateral auditory cortex led to a significant decrease in evoked otoacoustic emission amplitude, whereas no change occurred under stimulation of non-auditory contralateral areas. These findings provide evidence of a cortico-olivocochlear pathway, originating in the auditory cortex and modulating contralateral active cochlear micromechanisms via the medial olivocochlear efferent system, in humans.
Key Words: active cochlear micromechanisms • efferent auditory pathways • evoked otoacoustic emissions • intra-cerebral electrical stimulation • refractory epilepsy
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